J Adhes Dent. 2019;21(4):345-354. doi: 10.3290/j.jad.a42933.
To evaluate whether different etching methods with reduced etching times would improve the enamel bonding efficacy of universal adhesives.
Three enamel etching methods were evaluated - 1. phosphoric acid ester monomer etching (PPM); 2. phosphoric acid etching (PPA); and 3. polyalkenoic acid etching (PLA) - as were three universal adhesives: 1. BeautiBond Universal (BU); 2. Prime&Bond elect (PE); and 3. Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SU). The shear bond strengths of the universal adhesives to ground enamel and ground enamel etched for 1, 5, 10, and 15 s with different etching methods were determined after 24 h and 10,000 thermal cycles. Surface roughness average (Ra) and surface area ratio (surface area:planar area) were measured using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) observations of enamel with different etching protocols were also conducted.
The bond strengths of universal adhesives to enamel subjected to PPA etching with maximum times of 1-15 s and PLA etching for 15 s were significantly higher than those to ground enamel. The bond strength to enamel subjected to PPM etching did not increase and was similar to that for ground enamel. PPA and PLA etching were effective at increasing the Ra and surface area ratio of enamel. Although both values were significantly higher than those of ground enamel, those subjected to PPA etching were significantly higher than those which underwent PLA etching. In addition, the Ra and surface area of enamel subjected to PPM etching were similar to those of ground enamel, regardless of the etching time.
Phosphoric acid etching for <1-15 s and polyalkenoic-acid etching for 15 s both improve the bonding of universal adhesives, the Ra, and the surface area ratio of enamel. However, phosphoric acid ester monomer etching was not effective, regardless of the etching time.
评估减少蚀刻时间的不同蚀刻方法是否会提高通用粘结剂的牙釉质粘结效果。
评估了三种牙釉质蚀刻方法 - 1. 磷酸酯单体蚀刻（PPM）；2. 磷酸蚀刻（PPA）；和 3. 聚烯酸蚀刻（PLA） - 以及三种通用粘结剂：1. BeautiBond Universal（BU）；2. Prime&Bond elect（PE）；和 3. Scotchbond Universal Adhesive（SU）。在 24 小时和 10,000 次热循环后，确定使用不同蚀刻方法对 1、5、10 和 15 秒蚀刻的地面牙釉质和地面牙釉质进行通用粘结剂的剪切粘结强度。使用共焦激光扫描显微镜测量表面粗糙度平均值（Ra）和表面积比（表面积：平面面积）。还对不同蚀刻方案的牙釉质进行了场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）观察。
PPA 蚀刻最大时间为 1-15 秒和 PLA 蚀刻 15 秒的通用粘结剂对牙釉质的粘结强度明显高于地面牙釉质。PPM 蚀刻的粘结强度没有增加，与地面牙釉质相似。PPA 和 PLA 蚀刻均有效提高牙釉质的 Ra 和表面积比。尽管这两个值均明显高于地面牙釉质的值，但 PPA 蚀刻的值明显高于 PLA 蚀刻的值。此外，PPM 蚀刻的牙釉质的 Ra 和表面积与地面牙釉质相似，无论蚀刻时间如何。
磷酸蚀刻时间<1-15 秒和聚烯酸蚀刻 15 秒均能提高通用粘结剂、Ra 和牙釉质表面积比的粘结性能。然而，磷酸酯单体蚀刻无论蚀刻时间如何都没有效果。
