Blake-Hedges Caitlyn, Megraw Timothy L
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2019;67:277-321. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23173-6_12.
The first 3 h of Drosophila melanogaster embryo development are exemplified by rapid nuclear divisions within a large syncytium, transforming the zygote to the cellular blastoderm after 13 successive cleavage divisions. As the syncytial embryo develops, it relies on centrosomes and cytoskeletal dynamics to transport nuclei, maintain uniform nuclear distribution throughout cleavage cycles, ensure generation of germ cells, and coordinate cellularization. For the sake of this review, we classify six early embryo stages that rely on processes coordinated by the centrosome and its regulation of the cytoskeleton. The first stage features migration of one of the female pronuclei toward the male pronucleus following maturation of the first embryonic centrosomes. Two subsequent stages distribute the nuclei first axially and then radially in the embryo. The remaining three stages involve centrosome-actin dynamics that control cortical plasma membrane morphogenesis. In this review, we highlight the dynamics of the centrosome and its role in controlling the six stages that culminate in the cellularization of the blastoderm embryo.
黑腹果蝇胚胎发育的最初3小时表现为在一个大的合胞体内进行快速的核分裂，经过13次连续的卵裂后，将受精卵转变为细胞胚盘。随着合胞体胚胎的发育，它依靠中心体和细胞骨架动力学来运输细胞核，在整个卵裂周期中维持细胞核的均匀分布，确保生殖细胞的产生，并协调细胞化过程。在本综述中，我们将依赖于由中心体及其对细胞骨架的调节所协调的过程的六个早期胚胎阶段进行了分类。第一阶段的特征是在第一个胚胎中心体成熟后，一个雌性原核向雄性原核迁移。随后的两个阶段首先将细胞核轴向分布，然后在胚胎中径向分布。其余三个阶段涉及控制皮质质膜形态发生的中心体-肌动蛋白动力学。在本综述中，我们强调了中心体的动力学及其在控制导致胚盘胚胎细胞化的六个阶段中的作用。
