Araújo Sofia J
Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2019;67:323-336. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-23173-6_13.
The centrosome, a major microtubule organizer, has important functions in regulating the cytoskeleton as well as the position of cellular structures and orientation of cells within tissues. The centrosome serves as the main cytoskeleton-organizing centre in the cell and is the classical site of microtubule nucleation and anchoring. For these reasons, centrosomes play a very important role in morphogenesis, not just in the early stages of cell divisions but also in the later stages of organogenesis. Many organs such as lung, kidney and blood vessels develop from epithelial tubes that branch into complex networks. Cells in the nervous system also form highly branched structures in order to build complex neuronal networks. During branching morphogenesis, cells have to rearrange within tissues though multicellular branching or through subcellular branching, also known as single-cell branching. For highly branched structures to be formed during embryonic development, the cytoskeleton needs to be extensively remodelled. The centrosome has been shown to play an important role during these events.
中心体作为主要的微管组织者，在调节细胞骨架以及细胞结构的位置和组织内细胞的方向方面具有重要功能。中心体是细胞中主要的细胞骨架组织中心，是微管成核和锚定的经典位点。由于这些原因，中心体在形态发生中起着非常重要的作用，不仅在细胞分裂的早期阶段，而且在器官发生的后期阶段。许多器官，如肺、肾和血管，都由上皮管发育而来，这些上皮管分支形成复杂的网络。神经系统中的细胞也形成高度分支的结构，以构建复杂的神经元网络。在分支形态发生过程中，细胞必须通过多细胞分支或亚细胞分支（也称为单细胞分支）在组织内重新排列。为了在胚胎发育过程中形成高度分支的结构，细胞骨架需要进行广泛的重塑。已证明中心体在这些过程中发挥重要作用。
