A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-73, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 20;24(20):15392. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015392.
This review summarizes information about the specific features that are characteristic of the centrosome and its relationship with the cell function of highly specialized cells, such as endotheliocytes. It is based on data from other researchers and our own long-term experience. The participation of the centrosome in the functional activity of these cells, including its involvement in the performance of the main barrier function of the endothelium, is discussed. According to modern concepts, the centrosome is a multifunctional complex and an integral element of a living cell; the functions of which are not limited only to the ability to polymerize microtubules. The location of the centrosome near the center of the interphase cell, the concentration of various regulatory proteins in it, the organization of the centrosome radial system of microtubules through which intracellular transport is carried out by motor proteins and the involvement of the centrosome in the process of the perception of the external signals and their transmission make this cellular structure a universal regulatory and distribution center, controlling the entire dynamic morphology of an animal cell. Drawing from modern data on the tissue-specific features of the centrosome's structure, we discuss the direct involvement of the centrosome in the performance of functions by specialized cells.
这篇综述总结了中心体及其与高度专业化细胞（如内皮细胞）的细胞功能关系的特定特征的信息。它基于其他研究人员的数据和我们自己的长期经验。讨论了中心体参与这些细胞的功能活性，包括其在内皮细胞主要屏障功能中的作用。根据现代概念，中心体是一个多功能复合物，是活细胞的一个组成部分；其功能不仅限于聚合微管的能力。中心体位于间期细胞的中心附近，其中各种调节蛋白的浓度，通过其中的微管辐射系统进行细胞内运输的动力蛋白，以及中心体参与外部信号的感知及其传递的过程，使这个细胞结构成为一个通用的调节和分布中心，控制着动物细胞的整个动态形态。根据中心体结构的组织特异性的现代数据，我们讨论了中心体直接参与专门细胞功能的表现。
