移民、工作与健康：意大利北部一家公立医院临床病例系列研究得出的经验教训

Migration, Work, and Health: Lessons Learned from a Clinical Case Series in a Northern Italy Public Hospital.

机构信息

Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Occupational Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.

University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health", Universities of Verona, Brescia and Milano Bicocca, 37134 Verona, Italy.

出版信息

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Aug 21;16(17):3007. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173007.

DOI:10.3390/ijerph16173007

PMID:31438461

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6747097/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Migrant workers (MWs) generally perform dangerous jobs and have reduced access to occupational health (OH) care, therefore being prone to developing occupational diseases (OD). The aim of the work is to describe a case series of MWs and report on related outcomes for OH professionals.

METHODS

A case series of 724 MWs, sent from January 2001 to June 2013 to a public OH unit for OD or fitness-for-work (FFW) evaluation, was entered in a dedicated database and elaborated for descriptive statistics with Microsoft Excel.

RESULTS

MWs were mostly (75%) men, with a mean age of 40. They came mainly from Morocco, Senegal, Albania, Romania, and Pakistan. Main sectors of employment were manufacturing, metal industry, services, construction. OD were found in 210 cases, main diagnoses being: Lumbar disc and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (51%), contact dermatitis (15%), allergic asthma (8%), noise-induced hearing loss (7%), tumors (3%), psychiatric disorders (2%). Moreover, 136 FFW judgements were formulated, with some limitations/restrictions expressed. Finally, a relevant prevalence of some chronic non-occupational diseases was found.

CONCLUSIONS

MWs in Italy may suffer from OH inequalities. Qualified public OH professionals and occupational physicians in workplaces should have a proactive role to concretely meet MWs' health needs.

摘要

背景

农民工（MWs）通常从事危险工作，获得职业健康（OH）保健的机会较少，因此容易患上职业病（OD）。这项工作的目的是描述一组农民工的病例系列，并报告 OH 专业人员的相关结果。

方法

2001 年 1 月至 2013 年 6 月，724 名农民工因 OD 或适合工作（FFW）评估被送到一家公共 OH 单位，他们被输入一个专门的数据库，并使用 Microsoft Excel 进行描述性统计分析。

结果

农民工主要是（75%）男性，平均年龄为 40 岁。他们主要来自摩洛哥、塞内加尔、阿尔巴尼亚、罗马尼亚和巴基斯坦。主要就业部门是制造业、金属工业、服务业和建筑业。210 例农民工被诊断为职业病，主要诊断为：腰椎和上肢肌肉骨骼疾病（51%）、接触性皮炎（15%）、过敏性哮喘（8%）、噪声性听力损失（7%）、肿瘤（3%）、精神障碍（2%）。此外，还提出了 136 份 FFW 判决，其中表示了一些限制。最后，发现了一些慢性非职业性疾病的高患病率。