Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translation Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2019 Aug 15;11(8):1916. doi: 10.3390/nu11081916.
Weight regain after a successful weight loss intervention is very common. Most studies show that, on average, the weight loss attained during a weight loss intervention period is not or is not fully maintained during follow-up. We review what is currently known about dietary strategies for weight loss maintenance, focusing on nutrient composition by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies and discuss other potential strategies that have not been studied so far. Twenty-one studies with 2875 participants who were overweight or obese are included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies investigate increased protein intake (12 studies), lower dietary glycemic index (four studies), green tea (three studies), conjugated linoleic acid (three studies), higher fibre intake (three studies), and other miscellaneous interventions (six studies). The meta-analysis shows a significant beneficial effect of higher protein intake on the prevention of weight regain (SMD (standardized mean difference) -0.17 (95% CI -0.29, -0.05), = 2.80, = 0.005), without evidence for heterogeneity among the included studies. No significant effect of the other strategies is detected. Diets that combine higher protein intake with different other potentially beneficial strategies, such as anti-inflammatory or anti-insulinemic diets, may have more robust effects, but these have not been tested in randomized clinical trials yet.
成功的减肥干预后体重反弹是非常常见的。大多数研究表明，平均而言，减肥干预期间减轻的体重在随访期间并未得到维持或未完全维持。我们综述了目前已知的用于维持体重减轻的饮食策略，重点关注营养素组成，方法是对研究进行系统评价和荟萃分析，并讨论了迄今为止尚未研究过的其他潜在策略。这项系统评价和荟萃分析纳入了 21 项研究，共有 2875 名超重或肥胖参与者。这些研究调查了增加蛋白质摄入（12 项研究）、降低饮食血糖指数（4 项研究）、绿茶（3 项研究）、共轭亚油酸（3 项研究）、增加纤维摄入（3 项研究）和其他杂项干预措施（6 项研究）。荟萃分析显示，较高的蛋白质摄入对预防体重反弹有显著的有益效果（SMD（标准化均数差）-0.17（95%CI-0.29，-0.05）， = 2.80， = 0.005），且纳入研究之间无显著异质性。其他策略没有显示出显著效果。将高蛋白质摄入与不同其他潜在有益策略相结合的饮食，例如抗炎或抗胰岛素饮食，可能具有更强大的效果，但这些尚未在随机临床试验中得到检验。
