Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Medicine Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland.
Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
Nutrients. 2019 Aug 22;11(9):1987. doi: 10.3390/nu11091987.
: Consumption of fructose, the sweetest of all naturally occurring carbohydrates, has increased dramatically in the last 40 years and is today commonly used commercially in soft drinks, juice, and baked goods. These products comprise a large proportion of the modern diet, in particular in children, adolescents, and young adults. A large body of evidence associate consumption of fructose and other sugar-sweetened beverages with insulin resistance, intrahepatic lipid accumulation, and hypertriglyceridemia. In the long term, these risk factors may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Fructose is absorbed in the small intestine and metabolized in the liver where it stimulates fructolysis, glycolysis, lipogenesis, and glucose production. This may result in hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying intestinal and hepatic fructose metabolism is important. Here we review recent evidence linking excessive fructose consumption to health risk markers and development of components of the Metabolic Syndrome.
果糖是所有天然存在的碳水化合物中最甜的一种，在过去 40 年中，其消耗量急剧增加，如今在软饮料、果汁和烘焙食品中被广泛商业使用。这些产品构成了现代饮食的很大一部分，特别是在儿童、青少年和年轻人中。大量证据表明，果糖和其他含糖饮料的摄入与胰岛素抵抗、肝内脂质堆积和高甘油三酯血症有关。从长远来看，这些危险因素可能导致 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病的发生。果糖在小肠中被吸收，并在肝脏中代谢，在肝脏中它刺激果糖分解、糖酵解、脂肪生成和葡萄糖生成。这可能导致高甘油三酯血症和脂肪肝。因此，了解肠道和肝脏果糖代谢的机制非常重要。在这里，我们回顾了最近的证据，这些证据将过量摄入果糖与健康风险标志物以及代谢综合征成分的发展联系起来。
