Li Zhenhong, Fan Xinzou, Gao Fan, Pan Shengguang, Ma Xiao, Cheng Hao, Nakatsukasa Hiroko, Zhang Wei, Zhang Dunfang
Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Center for Immunology and Hematology, Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Mol Biomed. 2025 Jun 23;6(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s43556-025-00287-2.
Fructose, a prevalent hexose, has become a widely used food additive, with its usage rising significantly because of socio-economic advancements and shifts in human dietary habits. Excessive fructose intake has been implicated in obesity, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndromes, inflammation, and cancer, among other disorders. This review discusses the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of fructose and the links between fructose metabolism and major metabolic pathways. The role of fructose in metabolic diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperuricemia, is also highlighted. Furthermore, the role of fructose in the development of chronic inflammation, including gut inflammation, liver inflammation, and neuroinflammation, is discussed. Lastly, in the context of cancer development, this review summarizes the dual role of fructose in tumors, both pro- and anti-tumor effects. Future studies on the role of fructose in cancer should focus on the complexity of physiological and pathological conditions, such as the specific tumor microenvironment and metabolic status. Fructose has been shown to induce metabolic reprogramming of multiple immune cells and increase pro-inflammatory immune responses; therefore, inhibiting or promoting its metabolism may regulate immune responses. And targeting fructose metabolism may be a promising approach to treating metabolic diseases, inflammation, and cancer.
果糖是一种常见的己糖，已成为一种广泛使用的食品添加剂，由于社会经济的进步和人类饮食习惯的改变，其使用量显著增加。过量摄入果糖与肥胖、心血管疾病、代谢综合征、炎症和癌症等多种疾病有关。本文综述了果糖的吸收、分布和代谢，以及果糖代谢与主要代谢途径之间的联系。还强调了果糖在代谢疾病中的作用，包括代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪性肝病、高胰岛素血症和高尿酸血症。此外，还讨论了果糖在慢性炎症发展中的作用，包括肠道炎症、肝脏炎症和神经炎症。最后，在癌症发展的背景下，本文总结了果糖在肿瘤中的双重作用，即促肿瘤和抗肿瘤作用。未来关于果糖在癌症中作用的研究应关注生理和病理条件的复杂性，如特定的肿瘤微环境和代谢状态。果糖已被证明可诱导多种免疫细胞的代谢重编程并增加促炎免疫反应；因此，抑制或促进其代谢可能调节免疫反应。针对果糖代谢可能是治疗代谢疾病、炎症和癌症的一种有前景的方法。
