Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2019 Nov 1;140:1006-1017. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.180. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
A number of enzymes and transcription factors have been correlated with disease etiology. In this study, involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible-nitric oxide synthase is examined during diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatic injury and cloudy apple juice (CAJ) supplementation. Liver injury was administered in rats by single dose of DEN (10 ml/kg bwt of 1% DEN), while 10 ml/kg bwt CAJ daily was given after 2 h of latency in DEN-treated animals for two weeks. CAJ was characterized by HPLC and subsequently examined for antioxidant power. During the course of treatment liver function, collagen (hydroxyproline), malondialdehyde, protein oxidation, antioxidant enzymes, ATPases, nitrite levels were investigated along with liver histopathology and electron microscopy. COX-2 and iNOS proteins were also localized in liver specimens. The results demonstrated rich polyphenols and antioxidant activity in CAJ. CAJ supplementation significantly restored liver biochemistry and anatomy as revealed by the refurbished investigated parameters. CAJ treatment also declined COX-2 and iNOS activities in injured animals. Electron microscopy demonstrated rejuvenated hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, RER, mitochondria and nucleus in CAJ supplemented animals. The novel outcomes of this study suggest that CAJ potentiates hepatoprotection by stimulating antioxidant power and regulating the COX-2 and iNOS proteins in the liver during experimental liver injury.
许多酶和转录因子与疾病的病因有关。在这项研究中，研究了环氧合酶-2 和诱导型一氧化氮合酶在二乙基亚硝胺（DEN）诱导的肝损伤和混浊苹果汁（CAJ）补充期间的作用。通过单次给予 DEN（10 ml/kg bwt 的 1% DEN）在大鼠中进行肝损伤，而在 DEN 处理动物潜伏 2 小时后，每天给予 10 ml/kg bwt CAJ，持续两周。用 HPLC 对 CAJ 进行了表征，随后检查了其抗氧化能力。在治疗过程中，研究了肝功能、胶原（羟脯氨酸）、丙二醛、蛋白质氧化、抗氧化酶、ATP 酶、亚硝酸盐水平以及肝组织病理学和电子显微镜。还在肝标本中定位了 COX-2 和 iNOS 蛋白。结果表明，CAJ 中含有丰富的多酚和抗氧化活性。CAJ 补充剂显著恢复了肝生物化学和解剖结构，这反映在恢复的研究参数上。CAJ 治疗还降低了受伤动物中的 COX-2 和 iNOS 活性。电子显微镜显示，CAJ 补充剂处理的动物的肝细胞、库普弗细胞、RER、线粒体和细胞核得到了恢复。这项研究的新结果表明，CAJ 通过刺激抗氧化能力并调节实验性肝损伤期间肝脏中的 COX-2 和 iNOS 蛋白，增强了肝保护作用。
