Liew Kong Yen, Hafiz Md Faizul, Chong Yi Joong, Harith Hanis Hazeera, Israf Daud Ahmad, Tham Chau Ling
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Oct 28;2020:8257817. doi: 10.1155/2020/8257817. eCollection 2020.
Sepsis refers to organ failure due to uncontrolled body immune responses towards infection. The systemic inflammatory response triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria, is accompanied by the release of various proinflammatory mediators that can lead to organ damage. The progression to septic shock is even more life-threatening due to hypotension. Thus, sepsis is a leading cause of death and morbidity globally. However, current therapies are mainly symptomatic treatment and rely on the use of antibiotics. The lack of a specific treatment demands exploration of new drugs. Malaysian herbal plants have a long history of usage for medicinal purposes. A total of 64 Malaysian plants commonly used in the herbal industry have been published in Malaysian Herbal Monograph 2015 and Globinmed website (http://www.globinmed.com/). An extensive bibliographic search in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus revealed that seven of these plants have antisepsis properties, as evidenced by the therapeutic effect of their extracts or isolated compounds against sepsis-associated inflammatory responses or conditions in or/and studies. These include , , , , , , and . Among these, is the most widely studied plant and seems to have the highest potential for future therapeutic applications in sepsis. Although both extracts as well as active constituents from these herbal plants have demonstrated potential antisepsis activity, the activity might be primarily contributed by the active constituent(s) from each of these plants, which are andrographolide (), 6-gingerol and zingerone (), curcumin (), piperine and pellitorine (), biflorin (), and asiaticoside, asiatic acid, and madecassoside (). These active constituents have shown great antisepsis effects, and further investigations into their clinical therapeutic potential may be worthwhile.
脓毒症是指机体对感染的免疫反应失控导致的器官衰竭。由病原体相关分子模式（PAMPs）引发的全身炎症反应，如革兰氏阴性菌的脂多糖（LPS），伴随着各种促炎介质的释放，可导致器官损伤。由于低血压，进展为感染性休克的情况更具生命威胁。因此，脓毒症是全球死亡和发病的主要原因。然而，目前的治疗主要是对症治疗，依赖于抗生素的使用。缺乏特异性治疗方法促使人们探索新药。马来西亚的草药有着悠久的药用历史。2015年的《马来西亚草药专论》和Globinmed网站（http://www.globinmed.com/）公布了总共64种在草药行业常用的马来西亚植物。在PubMed、ScienceDirect和Scopus等数据库中进行的广泛文献检索显示，其中七种植物具有抗脓毒症特性，其提取物或分离化合物对脓毒症相关炎症反应或病症的治疗效果在一项或多项研究中得到了证实。这些植物包括[具体植物名称1]、[具体植物名称2]、[具体植物名称3]、[具体植物名称4]、[具体植物名称5]、[具体植物名称6]和[具体植物名称7]。其中，[具体植物名称X]是研究最广泛的植物，似乎在脓毒症未来治疗应用方面具有最大潜力。尽管这些草药植物的提取物和活性成分都已证明具有潜在的抗脓毒症活性，但这种活性可能主要由每种植物的活性成分贡献，这些活性成分分别是穿心莲内酯（[具体成分名称1]）、6-姜酚和姜辣素（[具体成分名称2]）、姜黄素（[具体成分名称3]）、胡椒碱和荜澄茄碱（[具体成分名称4]）、双花醇（[具体成分名称5]）以及积雪草苷、羟基积雪草苷和羟基积雪草甙元（[具体成分名称6]）。这些活性成分已显示出强大的抗脓毒症作用，对其临床治疗潜力进行进一步研究可能是值得的。
