Uhiara Daniel, Shendell Derek G, Borjan Marija, Graber Judith M, Koshy Koshy, Lumia Margaret
Rutgers School of Public Health (SPH), NJ Safe Schools Program, 683 Hoes Ln. West Suite 399, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
2Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers SPH, Piscataway, NJ USA.
Inj Epidemiol. 2019 Aug 19;6:37. doi: 10.1186/s40621-019-0216-9. eCollection 2019.
Workplace injuries are a public health concern, including among adolescents and young adults. Secondary school career-technical-vocational education related injuries are mandated by code under jurisdiction of New Jersey Department of Education to be reported online to New Jersey Safe Schools Program. These are the only U.S. law-based surveillance data for young workers in secondary school career-technical-vocational education. New Jersey Department of Health's hospitalization and fatality records provide additional information about other secondary school career-technical-vocational education and non- secondary school career-technical-vocational education related injuries not necessarily reported to New Jersey Safe Schools Program. This report compared data available to the New Jersey Department of Health and New Jersey Safe Schools Program on injuries among young workers ages 14-21 years.
Annual work-related hospitalizations, 2007-2016, were abstracted from hospital discharge data. Denominator data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics was used to estimate annual crude rate of hospitalizations per 100,000 employed persons. Hospitalization rates were stratified by demographic data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hospitalization rates for primary diagnoses and job title/status with ≥2 documented cases were reported. Annual crude fatality rates per 100,000 full time equivalent workers, age ≥ 16 years, were estimated for 1990-2016 using annual average full time equivalent workers and the U.S. National Institute Occupational Safety and Health's Employed Labor Force Query System as denominator.
Annual crude hospitalization rates decreased over time. Hospitalization and fatality rates were higher among young adult workers ages 19-21 years; non-Hispanic Whites; and, males. Percent fatality for ages 19-21 years was greater than ages 14-17 years and 18 years. Declines in hospitalization rates corresponded to decreases in reported injuries among career-technical-vocational education students. Age distribution varied slightly between hospital discharge data and New Jersey Safe Schools Program data.
Hospitalization and fatality rates were higher among males than among females, possibly reflecting a tendency for males to engage in riskier jobs than females. Understanding injury disparities can inform public health prevention efforts. Trainings/interventions should aim at addressing the most frequently diagnosed conditions or nature of reported injuries, within those most impacted career clusters like sales/restaurant workers.
工作场所受伤是一个公共卫生问题，在青少年和年轻人中也存在。新泽西州教育部管辖范围内的法规要求，与中学职业技术教育相关的受伤情况需在线报告给新泽西州安全学校计划。这些是美国基于法律的、关于中学职业技术教育中年轻工人的唯一监测数据。新泽西州卫生部的住院和死亡记录提供了关于其他中学职业技术教育及与非中学职业技术教育相关受伤情况的更多信息，这些受伤情况不一定会报告给新泽西州安全学校计划。本报告比较了新泽西州卫生部和新泽西州安全学校计划所掌握的14至21岁年轻工人受伤情况的数据。
从医院出院数据中提取2007年至2016年与工作相关的年度住院情况。使用美国劳工统计局的分母数据来估计每10万名就业人员的年度住院粗率。住院率按美国劳工统计局的人口统计数据进行分层。报告了主要诊断以及有≥2例记录病例的职业头衔/状态的住院率。利用年度平均全职等效工人以及美国国家职业安全与健康研究所的就业劳动力查询系统作为分母，估计了1990年至2016年每10万名年龄≥16岁的全职等效工人的年度粗死亡率。
年度住院粗率随时间下降。19至21岁的年轻成年工人、非西班牙裔白人以及男性的住院率和死亡率更高。19至21岁的死亡率百分比高于14至17岁以及18岁的人群。住院率的下降与职业技术教育学生报告的受伤情况减少相对应。医院出院数据和新泽西州安全学校计划数据之间的年龄分布略有不同。
男性的住院率和死亡率高于女性，这可能反映出男性比女性更倾向于从事风险更高的工作。了解受伤差异可为公共卫生预防工作提供信息。培训/干预应旨在针对那些受影响最大的职业集群（如销售/餐饮工人）中报告的最常见诊断病情或受伤性质。
