Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse 31000, France.
Cells. 2019 Aug 26;8(9):978. doi: 10.3390/cells8090978.
Among the non-human primates used in experimental medicine, cynomolgus macaques ( hereafter referred to as ) are increasingly selected for the ease with which they are maintained and bred in captivity. Macaques belong to Old World monkeys and are phylogenetically much closer to humans than rodents, which are still the most frequently used animal model. Our understanding of the genome has progressed rapidly in recent years and has greatly benefited from the latest technical advances in molecular genetics. Cynomolgus macaques are widespread in Southeast Asia and numerous studies have shown a distinct genetic differentiation of continental and island populations. The major histocompatibility complex of cynomolgus macaque ( MHC) is organized in the same way as that of human, but it differs from the latter by its high degree of classical class I gene duplication. Human polymorphic MHC regions play a pivotal role in allograft transplantation and have been associated with more than 100 diseases and/or phenotypes. The MHC polymorphism similarly plays a crucial role in experimental allografts of organs and stem cells. Experimental results show that the MHC class I and II regions influence the ability to mount an immune response against infectious pathogens and vaccines. MHC also affects cynomolgus macaque reproduction and impacts on numerous biological parameters. This review describes the MHC polymorphism and the methods currently used to characterize it. We discuss some of the major areas of experimental medicine where an effect induced by MHC polymorphism has been demonstrated.
在用于实验医学的非人类灵长类动物中，食蟹猴（以下简称）因其易于在圈养中维持和繁殖而越来越受到选择。猴子属于旧世界猴，与啮齿动物相比，它们在系统发育上与人类更为接近，而啮齿动物仍然是最常用的动物模型。近年来，我们对基因组的理解迅速发展，并且从分子遗传学的最新技术进步中受益匪浅。食蟹猴广泛分布于东南亚，许多研究表明，大陆和岛屿种群存在明显的遗传分化。食蟹猴的主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）的组织方式与人类相同，但与后者不同的是，它具有高度的经典 I 类基因重复。人类多态性 MHC 区域在同种异体移植中起着至关重要的作用，并与 100 多种疾病和/或表型相关。MHC 多态性同样在器官和干细胞的实验同种异体移植中起着关键作用。实验结果表明，MHC I 类和 II 类区域影响对传染性病原体和疫苗产生免疫反应的能力。MHC 还影响食蟹猴的繁殖，并影响许多生物学参数。这篇综述描述了 MHC 多态性以及目前用于描述其的方法。我们讨论了一些实验医学的主要领域，其中 MHC 多态性诱导的作用已经得到证实。
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