Proliferation of Resident Macrophages Is Dispensable for Protection during Infections.

Infection with the intestinal parasite is one of the most common causes of diarrheal disease in the world. Previous work has demonstrated that the cells and mechanisms of the adaptive immune system are critical for clearance of this parasite. However, the innate system has not been as well studied in the context of infection. We have previously demonstrated that infection leads to the accumulation of a population of CD11b, F4/80, ARG1, and NOS2 macrophages in the small intestinal lamina propria. In this report, we sought to identify the accumulation mechanism of duodenal macrophages during infection and to determine if these cells were essential to the induction of protective immunity. We show that F4/80, CD11b, CD11c, CX3CR1, MHC class II, Ly6C, ARG1, and NOS2 macrophages accumulate in the small intestine during infections in mice. Consistent with this resident macrophage phenotype, macrophage accumulation does not require CCR2, and the macrophages incorporate EdU, indicating in situ proliferation rather than the recruitment of monocytes. Depletion of macrophages using anti-CSF1R did not impact parasite clearance nor development of regulatory T cell or Th17 cellular responses, suggesting that these macrophages are dispensable for protective immunity.