Zeleníková Renáta, Drach-Zahavy Anat, Gurková Elena, Papastavrou Evridiki
Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
J Adv Nurs. 2019 Nov;75(11):2995-3005. doi: 10.1111/jan.14189. Epub 2019 Sep 16.
To investigate how nursing experts and experts from other health professions understand the concept of rationing/missed/unfinished nursing care and how this is compared at a cross-cultural level.
The mixed methods descriptive study.
The semi-structured questionnaires were sent to the sample of 45 scholars and practitioners from 26 countries. Data were collected from November 2017-February 2018.
Assigning average cultural values to participants from each country revealed three cultural groups: high individualism-high masculinity, high individualism-low masculinity and low individualism-medium masculinity. Content analysis of the findings revealed three main themes, which were identified across cultural clusters: (a) projecting blame for the phenomenon: Blaming the nurse versus blaming the system; (b) intentionality versus unintentionality; and (c) focus on nurses in comparison to focus on patients.
Consistent differences in the understanding of missed nursing care can be understood in line with the nation's standing on two main cultural values: individualism and masculinity.
The findings call for scholars' caution in interpreting missed nursing care from different cultures, or in comparing levels and types of missed nursing tasks across nations. The findings further indicated that mimicking interventions to limit missed nursing care from one cultural context to the other might be ineffective. Interventions to mitigate the phenomenon should be implemented thoughtfully, considering the cultural aspects.
探讨护理专家及其他卫生专业专家如何理解配给/遗漏/未完成护理的概念，以及在跨文化层面上如何对此进行比较。
混合方法描述性研究。
向来自26个国家的45位学者和从业者发放半结构化问卷。数据收集时间为2017年11月至2018年2月。
为每个国家的参与者赋予平均文化价值观，发现了三个文化群体：高个人主义-高男性气质、高个人主义-低男性气质和低个人主义-中等男性气质。对研究结果的内容分析揭示了三个主要主题，这些主题在不同文化群体中都有体现：(a) 对该现象归咎责任：责备护士还是责备系统；(b) 有意与无意；(c) 关注护士与关注患者。
对遗漏护理的理解存在一致差异，这与一个国家在个人主义和男性气质这两种主要文化价值观上的立场相符。
研究结果提醒学者在解释来自不同文化的遗漏护理时要谨慎，或者在比较各国遗漏护理任务的水平和类型时要谨慎。研究结果还表明，将限制遗漏护理的干预措施从一种文化背景照搬至另一种文化背景可能无效。减轻这一现象的干预措施应在考虑文化因素的情况下谨慎实施。
