Willert Sebastian, Weissenfels Anja, Kohl Matthias, von Stengel Simon, Fröhlich Michael, Kleinöder Heinz, Schöne Daniel, Teschler Marc, Kemmler Wolfgang
Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University of Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2019 Aug 12;10:1012. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01012. eCollection 2019.
Overweight and obesity are an increasing problem worldwide. However, most studies that focus on weight reduction by energy restriction and/or aerobic exercise reported considerable loss of muscle mass as well. Increased protein intake and/or resistance exercise might inhibit this detrimental effect during a negative energy balance. Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS), a time effective, joint-friendly, and highly customizable training technology, showed similar hypertrophic effects compared with high-intensity resistance training. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of WB-EMS on body composition during negative energy balance with maintained/increased protein intake in overweight premenopausal women. Ninety premenopausal, 25-50-year-old, overweight women were randomly assigned to three groups ( = 30 each). (1) Negative energy balance (-500 kcal/day) by energy restriction with compensatory protein intake (CG). (2) Negative energy balance (-500 kcal/day) by energy restriction (-250 kcal/day) and increased physical activity (-250 kcal/day) with increased protein intake (PA). (3) Negative energy balance (-500 kcal/day) due to energy restriction and increased physical activity with increased protein intake plus WB-EMS. The duration of the intervention was 16 weeks. Participants underwent restrictions in kcal per days and supplementation of protein (CG: 1.2 or PA/WB-EMS: 1.7 g/kg body mass/day) where needed. Bipolar WB-EMS was applied 1.5× week for 20 min (85 Hz; 350 μs; intermittent 6 s impulse, 4 s rest; rectangular). The primary study endpoint "lean body mass" (LBM) and secondary endpoint body fat mass (BFM) were assessed by bio-impedance analysis (BIA). LBM decreased in the CG and PA group (CG: -113 ± 1,872 g; PA: -391 ± 1,832 g) but increased in the WB-EMS group (387 ± 1,769 g). However, changes were not significant ( > 0.05). Comparing the groups by ANOVA, no significant differences were observed ( = 0.070). However, pairwise adjusted comparisons determined significant differences between WB-EMS and PA ( = 0.049). BFM decreased significantly ( < 0.001) in all groups (CG: -2,174 ± 4,331 g; PA: -3,743 ± 4,237 g; WB-EMS: -3,278 ± 4,023 g) without any significant difference between the groups (ANOVA: = 0.131). WB-EMS is an efficient, joint-friendly, and highly customizable training technology for maintaining muscle mass during energy restriction and can thus be considered as an alternative to more demanding resistance exercise protocols.
超重和肥胖在全球范围内日益成为一个问题。然而，大多数专注于通过能量限制和/或有氧运动来减轻体重的研究也报告称肌肉量有显著损失。在能量负平衡期间，增加蛋白质摄入量和/或进行抗阻运动可能会抑制这种有害影响。全身肌电刺激（WB - EMS）是一种一种省时、对关节友好且高度可定制的训练技术，与高强度抗阻训练相比显示出类似的肥大效果。本研究的目的是评估在能量负平衡期间，超重的绝经前女性维持/增加蛋白质摄入量时，WB - EMS对身体成分的影响。90名年龄在25 - 50岁的绝经前超重女性被随机分为三组（每组n = 30）。（1）通过能量限制并补充蛋白质来实现能量负平衡（-500千卡/天）（对照组）。（2）通过能量限制（-250千卡/天）和增加体力活动（-250千卡/天）并增加蛋白质摄入量来实现能量负平衡（-500千卡/天）（体力活动组）。（3）通过能量限制和增加体力活动并增加蛋白质摄入量以及WB - EMS来实现能量负平衡（-500千卡/天）。干预持续时间为16周。参与者根据需要接受每日千卡限制并补充蛋白质（对照组：1.2克/千克体重/天，体力活动组/全身肌电刺激组：1.7克/千克体重/天）。双极WB - EMS每周应用1.5次，每次20分钟（85赫兹；350微秒；间歇性6秒脉冲，4秒休息；矩形波）。主要研究终点“瘦体重”（LBM）和次要终点体脂肪量（BFM）通过生物电阻抗分析（BIA）进行评估。对照组和体力活动组的LBM下降（对照组：-113±1,872克；体力活动组：-391±1,832克），但全身肌电刺激组的LBM增加（387±1,769克）。然而，变化不显著（P>0.05）。通过方差分析比较各组，未观察到显著差异（P = 0.070）。然而，两两调整比较确定全身肌电刺激组和体力活动组之间存在显著差异（P = 0.049）。所有组的BFM均显著下降（P<0.001）（对照组：-2,174±4,且331克；体力活动组：-3,743±4,237克；全身肌电刺激组：-3,278±4,023克），各组之间无显著差异（方差分析：P = 0.131）。WB - EMS是一种高效、对关节友好且高度可定制的训练技术，可在能量限制期间维持肌肉量，因此可被视为更具挑战性的抗阻运动方案的替代方法。
