Di Domenico Marina, Pinto Federica, Quagliuolo Lucio, Contaldo Maria, Settembre Giuliana, Romano Antonio, Coppola Mario, Ferati Kenan, Bexheti-Ferati Arbëresha, Sciarra Antonella, Nicoletti Giovanni Francesco, Ferraro Giuseppe Andrea, Boccellino Mariarosaria
Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 Aug 13;10:540. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00540. eCollection 2019.
The accumulation of adipose tissue in the body occurs because the energy introduced with food and drink exceeds that expense, but to understand why this imbalance is established and why it is maintained over time, it is important to consider the main causes and risk factors of excess weight. In this review, we will refer to the main factors linked to obesity, starting from oxidative stress to hormonal factors including the role of obesity in breast cancer. Among the many hypotheses formulated on the etiopathology of obesity, a key role can be attributed to the relationship between stress oxidative and intestinal microbiota. Multiple evidences tend to show that genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle factors contribute to determine in the obese an imbalance of the redox balance correlated with the alteration of the intestinal microbial flora. Obesity acts negatively on the wound healing, in fact several studies indicate morbid obesity significantly increased the risk of a post-operative wound complication and infection. Currently, in the treatment of obesity, medical interventions are aimed not only at modifying caloric intake, but also to modulate and improve the composition of diet with the aim of rebalancing the microbiota-redox state axis.
体内脂肪组织的积累是因为饮食摄入的能量超过了消耗的能量，但是要理解为什么会出现这种失衡以及为什么它会随着时间持续存在，考虑超重的主要原因和风险因素很重要。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨与肥胖相关的主要因素，从氧化应激到激素因素，包括肥胖在乳腺癌中的作用。在众多关于肥胖病因学的假说中，氧化应激与肠道微生物群之间的关系可被认为起着关键作用。多项证据表明，遗传、表观遗传和生活方式因素导致肥胖者体内氧化还原平衡失衡，这与肠道微生物群的改变相关。肥胖对伤口愈合有负面影响，事实上，多项研究表明病态肥胖会显著增加术后伤口并发症和感染的风险。目前，在肥胖治疗中，医学干预不仅旨在改变热量摄入，还旨在调节和改善饮食组成，以重新平衡微生物群 - 氧化还原状态轴。
