Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Department of Sports Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
Clin J Sport Med. 2019 Sep;29(5):368-373. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000643.
To determine the relationship between sport specialization and previous injury in elite male youth soccer players.
Retrospective survey.
U.S. Soccer Development Academy.
Male youth soccer players (N = 2123).
Sport specialization, weekly training volume, training ratio, and age.
Previous sports-related injury, injury type (traumatic vs overuse), injury severity, and injury location.
Of 2099 participants (average age 13.2 ± 1.8 years), 61.7% were specialized in soccer (played soccer >8 mo/yr and no other sports) and 38.3% were nonspecialized (played soccer >8 mo/yr and also played other organized sports). Specialized athletes were older than nonspecialized athletes (13.7 ± 1.9 vs 12.5 ± 1.4, P < 0.0001). Thirty-three percent (690/2099) of athletes reported at least one previous sports-related injury for a total of 765 traumatic injuries and 25 overuse injuries. Distribution of injury type was similar for specialized and nonspecialized athletes. Among athletes with overuse injuries, nonspecialized athletes were more likely to report upper-extremity and trunk overuse injuries than specialized athletes. After accounting for age and weekly training volume, specialized athletes had decreased odds of reporting any previous injury compared with nonspecialized athletes [odds ratio (OR), 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64-0.95], and similar odds of reporting a previous lower-extremity (LE) overuse injury as nonspecialized athletes (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56-1.1). However, specialized athletes missed more practices due to injury than nonspecialized players [median = 3, interquartile range (IQR) 2-4 vs median = 2, IQR 2-4, P = 0.0003].
In this national sample of elite, male youth soccer players, after accounting for age and weekly training volume, specialized athletes had decreased odds of reporting any previous injury and similar odds of reporting a previous LE overuse injury as nonspecialized athletes. These data suggest the need for further research to determine whether injury risk related to sports specialization depends on sex, chosen sport, and skill/competitive level.
确定运动专业化与优秀男性青年足球运动员既往损伤之间的关系。
回顾性调查。
美国足球发展学院。
男性青年足球运动员（N=2123）。
运动专业化、每周训练量、训练比和年龄。
既往与运动相关的损伤、损伤类型（创伤性与过度使用性）、损伤严重程度和损伤部位。
在 2099 名参与者（平均年龄 13.2±1.8 岁）中，61.7%（690/1123）为足球专项运动员（每年踢足球>8 个月且不参加其他运动），38.3%（690/1570）为非专项运动员（每年踢足球>8 个月且还参加其他有组织的运动）。专项运动员比非专项运动员年龄更大（13.7±1.9 岁比 12.5±1.4 岁，P<0.0001）。33%（690/2099）的运动员报告至少有一次既往与运动相关的损伤，共有 765 次创伤性损伤和 25 次过度使用性损伤。专项运动员和非专项运动员的损伤类型分布相似。在过度使用性损伤的运动员中，非专项运动员比专项运动员更有可能报告上肢和躯干过度使用性损伤。在考虑年龄和每周训练量后，与非专项运动员相比，专项运动员报告既往任何损伤的可能性降低[比值比（OR），0.78；95%置信区间（CI），0.64-0.95]，且报告既往下肢（LE）过度使用性损伤的可能性与非专项运动员相似（OR，0.70；95%CI，0.56-1.1）。然而，与非专项运动员相比，专项运动员因伤错过的训练次数更多[中位数=3，四分位距（IQR）2-4 比中位数=2，IQR 2-4，P=0.0003]。
在这项针对优秀男性青年足球运动员的全国性样本中，在考虑年龄和每周训练量后，与非专项运动员相比，专项运动员报告既往任何损伤的可能性降低，且报告既往 LE 过度使用性损伤的可能性相似。这些数据表明，需要进一步研究以确定与运动专业化相关的损伤风险是否取决于性别、所选运动和技能/竞技水平。
