Whatman Chris, van den Berg Carla, Palacios-Derflingher Luz, Emery Carolyn
Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology.
Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021 Nov 2;16(6):1566-1574. doi: 10.26603/001c.29590. eCollection 2021.
Youth sports participation is encouraged for proposed physical and psychological benefits. However early sport specialization and the potentially negative consequences may be a cause for concern.
To describe sport specialization in Canadian youth and investigate associations with previous injury and physical performance.
Cross-sectional study.
Junior high school students (grades 7-9, ages 11-16) were invited to participate. All participants completed a questionnaire capturing specialization level (low, moderate, high; based on year-round training, exclusion of other sports, and single-sport training) and injury history in the previous 12-months. Additionally, all participants completed physical performance measures including vertical jump (cm), predicted VO2max (mL/kg/min), single-leg balance (secs) and Y-Balance composite score (%). Logistic regression examined the association between school grade, school size, sex and sport specialization (Objective 1) and the association between sport specialization and injury history (Objective 2). Multivariable linear regression analyses (4) assessed associations between sport specialization category and physical performance measures (Objective 3).
Two hundred and thirty-eight students participated in the study. Eighteen percent of participants reported high specialization, with no significant associations between sex, grade or school size and specialization category. There was no significant difference in the odds of sustaining previous injury between participants reporting moderate (odds ratio [OR]=1.94, 95% CI 0.86-4.35) or high (OR=2.21, 95% CI 0.43-11.37) compared to low specialization. There were no significant differences in vertical jump height (mean diff [MD] = -0.4 to 2.1cm), predicted VO2max (MD = 2.2 to 3.1mL/kg/min), single leg balance (MD = 0.5 to 1.9sec) or Y-balance (MD = 0.6 to 7.0%) between sport specialization categories.
Sport specialization exists in Canadian junior high schools but may be less common than previously reported and it was not associated with sex, grade, or school size. Level of specialization was not associated with history of injury nor a range of physical performance measures.
Level 3.
由于对身体和心理方面的益处，鼓励青少年参与体育运动。然而，早期的运动专项化及其潜在的负面影响可能令人担忧。
描述加拿大青少年的运动专项化情况，并调查其与既往损伤和身体表现的关联。
横断面研究。
邀请初中学生（7至9年级，11至16岁）参与。所有参与者完成一份问卷，记录专项化水平（低、中、高；基于全年训练、不参与其他运动和单一运动训练）以及过去12个月的损伤史。此外，所有参与者完成身体表现测试，包括垂直纵跳（厘米）、预测的最大摄氧量（毫升/千克/分钟）、单腿平衡（秒）和Y平衡综合评分（%）。逻辑回归分析学校年级、学校规模、性别与运动专项化之间的关联（目标1）以及运动专项化与损伤史之间的关联（目标2）。多变量线性回归分析（4）评估运动专项化类别与身体表现测试之间的关联（目标3）。
238名学生参与了该研究。18%的参与者报告为高专项化，性别、年级或学校规模与专项化类别之间无显著关联。与低专项化参与者相比，报告为中等（优势比[OR]=1.94，95%置信区间0.86 - 4.35）或高专项化（OR=2.21，95%置信区间0.43 - 11.37）的参与者既往受伤几率无显著差异。运动专项化类别之间在垂直纵跳高度（平均差异[MD]= -0.4至2.1厘米）、预测的最大摄氧量（MD = 2.2至3.1毫升/千克/分钟）、单腿平衡（MD = 0.5至1.9秒）或Y平衡（MD = 0.6至7.0%）方面无显著差异。
加拿大初中存在运动专项化现象，但可能比之前报道的更为少见，且与性别、年级或学校规模无关。专项化水平与损伤史以及一系列身体表现测试均无关联。
3级。
