van Velthoven Michelle H, Powell John, Powell Georgina
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
Healthcare Translation Research Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Digit Health. 2018 Mar 5;4:2055207618759167. doi: 10.1177/2055207618759167. eCollection 2018 Jan-Dec.
Problematic smartphone use is an emerging public health problem since the launch of the first smartphone 10 years ago. In this article, pathways to problematic use of smartphones, approaches to deal with this issue and their limitations are discussed. This includes problematic use of smartphones by people who self-identify that they or their family members use mobile devices in a problematic way. Extreme problematic use (e.g. relating to online gambling or heavy gaming) that severely disrupts people's lives is a form of digital addiction is excluded from this discussion. Smartphone use can be problematic for some people due to the availability of constant connection, the addictiveness of applications (apps) combined with personal psychological factors. This is facilitated by characteristics of the technology, including easy access, the possibility of escaping daily life, being able to remain anonymous online, and the frequency of alerts and messages. While various non-technical interventions, such as digital detoxes, and digital interventions, including apps to limit use, have been developed to help people control their smartphone use, none of these has proven to work yet. An overview of currently available apps for problematic smartphone use is provided. Further work is needed on various aspects of problematic smartphone use, including the understanding of how smartphone use impacts on people's lives, strengthening the definition of problematic smartphone use, and validation of its measurement, and more rigorous development and assessment of tools. We hope that these efforts will help people to use their smartphones in a healthy and effective way.
自10年前首款智能手机问世以来，智能手机使用问题已成为一个新出现的公共卫生问题。本文讨论了智能手机使用出现问题的途径、处理该问题的方法及其局限性。这包括那些自我认定自己或其家庭成员以有问题的方式使用移动设备的人对智能手机的问题使用。严重扰乱人们生活的极端问题使用（例如与网络赌博或重度游戏相关的问题使用）作为一种数字成瘾形式，不在本文讨论范围内。由于始终保持连接的便利性、应用程序（app）的成瘾性以及个人心理因素，智能手机使用对一些人来说可能会出现问题。技术的特性促进了这种情况的发生，这些特性包括易于获取、逃避日常生活的可能性、能够在网上保持匿名以及提醒和消息的频繁性。虽然已经开发了各种非技术干预措施，如数字排毒法等，以及数字干预措施，包括用于限制使用的应用程序，但这些措施尚未被证明有效。本文提供了当前可用于解决智能手机使用问题的应用程序概述。在智能手机使用问题的各个方面还需要进一步开展工作，包括了解智能手机使用如何影响人们的生活、强化对智能手机使用问题的定义及其测量的验证，以及更严格地开发和评估相关工具。我们希望这些努力将帮助人们以健康有效的方式使用智能手机。
