Borgmann Lea-Sophie, Kroll Lars E, Müters Stephan, Rattay Petra, Lampert Thomas
Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Health Care Research and Risk Structure, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in the Federal Republic of Germany (Zi), Salzufer 8, 10587, Berlin, Germany.
SSM Popul Health. 2019 Aug 7;9:100465. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100465. eCollection 2019 Dec.
The increasing labor market participation of women in Europe leads to many women and men having to reconcile paid work with family work and thus reporting work-family conflict (WFC). WFC is related to different dimensions of health. In the present article, we analyzed the role different reconciliation policies among European countries may play regarding WFC and its association with self-reported health. The analyses are based on data from Eurofound's European Working Conditions Survey 2015. The working populations from 23 European countries aged between 18 and 59 with at least one child up to 18 years of age are included (n = 10,273). Weighted logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between WFC and self-reported general health (SRH). Using multilevel models, country-level variations in the association of individual-level WFC and health were calculated. In a second step, the effect of country-level reconciliation policies on WFC was examined (adjusted for age, sociodemographic and occupational characteristics). The odds ratio for moderate to very poor SRH is 2.5 (95% CI: 1.92-3.34) for mothers with high WFC compared to mothers with low WFC. For fathers with high WFC, the adjusted odds ratio is also 2.5 (95% CI: 1.80-3.37). Between countries, the association between WFC and health is similar. Country-level parental leave policies, the use of formal childcare and mothers' labor market participation are associated with reduced WFC in Europe. In conclusion, the results reveal a strong association between WFC and SRH in Europe. The multilevel analyses show that certain reconciliation policies have an impact on the prevalence of WFC, with different results for mothers and fathers. Mothers in particular can be supported by sufficient maternal leave and formal care for children. These are tangible policy approaches for reducing WFC and may thus improve health in Europe.
欧洲女性劳动力市场参与率的不断提高，导致许多女性和男性不得不平衡有偿工作和家务劳动，从而出现工作与家庭冲突（WFC）。工作与家庭冲突与健康的不同维度相关。在本文中，我们分析了欧洲国家不同的协调政策在工作与家庭冲突及其与自我报告健康状况的关联方面可能发挥的作用。分析基于欧洲改善生活和工作条件基金会2015年欧洲工作条件调查的数据。纳入了来自23个欧洲国家的18至59岁、至少有一个18岁以下子女的工作人群（n = 10273）。采用加权逻辑回归来估计工作与家庭冲突和自我报告的总体健康状况（SRH）之间的关联。使用多层次模型计算个体层面的工作与家庭冲突和健康状况关联的国家层面差异。第二步，研究国家层面协调政策对工作与家庭冲突的影响（对年龄、社会人口统计学和职业特征进行了调整）。与工作与家庭冲突程度低的母亲相比，工作与家庭冲突程度高的母亲自我报告健康状况为中度至非常差的比值比为2.5（95%置信区间：1.92 - 3.34）。对于工作与家庭冲突程度高的父亲，调整后的比值比也为2.5（95%置信区间：1.80 - 3.37）。在不同国家之间，工作与家庭冲突和健康状况之间的关联相似。国家层面的育儿假政策、正规托儿服务的使用以及母亲的劳动力市场参与与欧洲工作与家庭冲突的减少相关。总之，结果揭示了欧洲工作与家庭冲突和自我报告健康状况之间存在密切关联。多层次分析表明，某些协调政策对工作与家庭冲突的发生率有影响，对母亲和父亲的影响结果不同。特别是，充足的产假和对儿童的正规照料可以为母亲提供支持。这些是减少工作与家庭冲突的切实可行的政策措施，因此可能改善欧洲的健康状况。
