Schaffner Daniela, Weber Michael, Kochuparackal Tanya, Graf Marc, Hachtel Henning
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, Switzerland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Apr 6;12:639936. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.639936. eCollection 2021.
The commissions for risk assessment of offenders dangerous to the public were established in 1995 in Switzerland. The main goal was to reduce recidivism of offenders released into the community by means of identifying high-risk offenders and recommending measures for offender management. This study investigates long-term recidivism data of this high-risk cohort of offenders. Baseline data included risk assessment of one of the commissions, the type of index offense, and psychiatric disorders according to ICD-10 for the total cohort of offenders examined by the commissions between 1995 and 2009. Criminal records were drawn in 2019 for all offenders from the Swiss Federal Office of Justice. From a total of 147 offenders 35 recidivated within a median time at risk of 9.1 years (31.8%), of which 10 (9.1%) recommitted a severe offense. Within the treatment status, sentences (imprisonment and preventive detention) were compared to court-ordered measures (in- or outpatient court ordered treatment, civil court mandated treatment, vocational training facility). There were no significant differences comparing treatment status, different diagnostic groups, type of index offense and other risk factors. Except of age at release (or relapse), which predicted recidivism with younger subjects showing higher recidivism rates ( = 0.014). Our study showed that over a long-term time at risk this high-risk cohort showed a similar recidivism rate as many other studies with different cohorts. With appropriate management recidivism rates in high-risk offenders can be lowered allowing them being consecutively reintegrated into society. The finding that younger subjects have higher recidivism rate was reproduced in this population.
瑞士于1995年设立了对危害公众安全的罪犯进行风险评估的委员会。其主要目标是通过识别高风险罪犯并推荐罪犯管理措施，来降低被释放到社区中的罪犯的再犯率。本研究调查了这一高风险罪犯群体的长期再犯数据。基线数据包括其中一个委员会的风险评估、指数犯罪类型，以及1995年至2009年期间该委员会审查的所有罪犯群体按照国际疾病分类第10版（ICD - 10）确定的精神障碍情况。2019年从瑞士联邦司法局获取了所有罪犯的犯罪记录。在总共147名罪犯中，35人在中位风险期9.1年之内再次犯罪（31.8%），其中10人（9.1%）再次实施了严重犯罪。在处理状态方面，将判决（监禁和预防性拘留）与法院命令的措施（住院或门诊法院命令的治疗、民事法院强制治疗、职业培训设施）进行了比较。在比较处理状态、不同诊断组、指数犯罪类型和其他风险因素时，没有发现显著差异。除了释放（或复发）时的年龄外，该因素可预测再犯情况，年龄较小的受试者再犯率较高（ = 0.014）。我们的研究表明，在较长的风险期内，这一高风险群体的再犯率与许多其他不同群体的研究结果相似。通过适当的管理，可以降低高风险罪犯的再犯率，使他们能够连续地重新融入社会。在这一人群中再现了年龄较小的受试者再犯率较高这一发现。
