Terband Hayo, Namasivayam Aravind, Maas Edwin, van Brenk Frits, Mailend Marja-Liisa, Diepeveen Sanne, van Lieshout Pascal, Maassen Ben
Utrecht Institute of Linguistics-OTS, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
Oral Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2019 Aug 29;62(8S):2999-3032. doi: 10.1044/2019_JSLHR-S-CSMC7-19-0214.
Background With respect to the clinical criteria for diagnosing childhood apraxia of speech (commonly defined as a disorder of speech motor planning and/or programming), research has made important progress in recent years. Three segmental and suprasegmental speech characteristics-error inconsistency, lengthened and disrupted coarticulation, and inappropriate prosody-have gained wide acceptance in the literature for purposes of participant selection. However, little research has sought to empirically test the diagnostic validity of these features. One major obstacle to such empirical study is the fact that none of these features is stated in operationalized terms. Purpose This tutorial provides a structured overview of perceptual, acoustic, and articulatory measurement procedures that have been used or could be used to operationalize and assess these 3 core characteristics. Methodological details are reviewed for each procedure, along with a short overview of research results reported in the literature. Conclusion The 3 types of measurement procedures should be seen as complementary. Some characteristics are better suited to be described at the perceptual level (especially phonemic errors and prosody), others at the acoustic level (especially phonetic distortions, coarticulation, and prosody), and still others at the kinematic level (especially coarticulation, stability, and gestural coordination). The type of data collected determines, to a large extent, the interpretation that can be given regarding the underlying deficit. Comprehensive studies are needed that include more than 1 diagnostic feature and more than 1 type of measurement procedure.
背景 关于儿童言语失用症（通常定义为言语运动计划和/或编程障碍）的临床诊断标准，近年来研究取得了重要进展。三种音段和超音段言语特征——错误不一致性、延长和中断的协同发音以及不适当的韵律——在文献中已被广泛接受用于参与者选择。然而，很少有研究试图实证检验这些特征的诊断效度。此类实证研究的一个主要障碍是这些特征均未以可操作的术语表述。目的 本教程提供了感知、声学和发音测量程序的结构化概述，这些程序已被使用或可用于将这三个核心特征进行操作化并进行评估。对每个程序的方法细节进行了回顾，并对文献中报道的研究结果进行了简要概述。结论 这三种测量程序应被视为互补的。一些特征更适合在感知层面进行描述（尤其是音素错误和韵律），另一些在声学层面（尤其是语音扭曲、协同发音和韵律），还有一些在运动学层面（尤其是协同发音、稳定性和手势协调）。收集的数据类型在很大程度上决定了对潜在缺陷所能给出的解释。需要进行综合研究，包括不止一种诊断特征和不止一种测量程序类型。
