Lin Jiun-Nong, Lai Chung-Hsu, Yang Chih-Hui, Huang Yi-Han
School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
Microorganisms. 2019 Aug 28;7(9):295. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7090295.
The genus has recently emerged as a cause of life-threatening infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Several new species in the genus have been proposed in the last decade. Numerous studies have indicated that , rather than , is the most prevalent pathogen in this genus. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry systems with an extended spectrum database could reliably identify and , but they are unable to distinguish the remaining species. Precise species identification relies on molecular techniques, such as housekeeping gene sequencing and whole-genome sequencing. These microorganisms are usually susceptible to minocycline but resistant to most β-lactams, β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitors, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. They often exhibit variable susceptibility to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Accordingly, treatment should be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Target gene mutations are markedly associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Knowledge on the genomic characteristics provides valuable insights into in these emerging pathogens.
该属最近已成为人类生命威胁性感染的一个病因，尤其是在免疫功能低下的患者中。在过去十年中，该属已提出了几个新物种。大量研究表明，该属中最普遍的病原体是[具体名称1]，而非[具体名称2]。具有扩展谱数据库的基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱系统能够可靠地鉴定[具体名称1]和[具体名称2]，但无法区分其余物种。精确的物种鉴定依赖于分子技术，如管家基因测序和全基因组测序。这些微生物通常对米诺环素敏感，但对大多数β-内酰胺类、β-内酰胺/β-内酰胺酶抑制剂、碳青霉烯类和氨基糖苷类耐药。它们对哌拉西林、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、氟喹诺酮类和甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑常常表现出可变的敏感性。因此，治疗应以抗菌药物敏感性试验为指导。靶基因突变与氟喹诺酮耐药性显著相关。对基因组特征的了解为这些新兴病原体提供了有价值的见解。
