Sreepian Preeyaporn M, Popruk Supaluk, Rattanasinganchan Panthip, Sreepian Apichai
Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Narra J. 2025 Apr;5(1):e1685. doi: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.1685. Epub 2025 Mar 20.
The escalating global incidence of antimicrobial resistance poses a significant public health challenge. In response, exploring alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly derived from plants, becomes crucial to alleviate the selective pressure exerted by conventional antibiotics. The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of essential oil extracted from fruits and to evaluate its antimicrobial potential, along with its major compound, across solid, liquid, and vapor phases. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against a diverse range of human pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria (n = 8), Gram-negative bacteria (n = 34), filamentous fungi (n = 2), and yeast (n = 1). Disk diffusion, broth macrodilution, and vapor-phase diffusion methods were employed. This study found that all phases of essential oil and purified limonene exhibited broad-spectrum bactericidal and fungicidal activities (solid-phase: inhibition zone diameter (IZD) 19 mm vs 14 mm; liquid-phase: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 2.0 mg/mL vs 4.0 mg/mL; vapor-phase: IZD 90 mm vs 45 mm), with superior efficacy against filamentous fungi and yeast compared to bacteria (solid-phase: IZD 90 mm vs 17.5 mm; liquid-phase: MIC 2.0 mg/mL vs 0.06 mg/mL; vapor-phase: IZD 90 mm vs 12.5 mm; all -values<0.05). Among bacteria, solid-phase essential oil demonstrated increased activity against and whereas liquid-phase essential oil had optimal activity against and Notably, , and displayed high susceptibility to all phases of essential oil. These findings highlight the potential activity of essential oil, across its various phases, as a promising alternative antimicrobial agent against medically significant pathogens, providing essential baseline information for further exploration and development of essential oil in the pursuit of combating antimicrobial resistance.
全球抗菌药物耐药性的不断上升对公共卫生构成了重大挑战。作为应对措施，探索替代抗菌剂，尤其是源自植物的抗菌剂，对于减轻传统抗生素施加的选择压力至关重要。本研究的目的是表征从果实中提取的精油成分，并评估其抗菌潜力以及其主要化合物在固相、液相和气相中的抗菌潜力。针对多种人类致病性革兰氏阳性菌（n = 8）、革兰氏阴性菌（n = 34）、丝状真菌（n = 2）和酵母菌（n = 1）评估了抗菌活性。采用了纸片扩散法、肉汤稀释法和气相扩散法。本研究发现，精油的所有相以及纯化的柠檬烯均表现出广谱杀菌和杀真菌活性（固相：抑菌圈直径（IZD）19 mm对14 mm；液相：最低抑菌浓度（MIC）2.0 mg/mL对4.0 mg/mL；气相：IZD 90 mm对45 mm），与细菌相比，对丝状真菌和酵母菌的疗效更佳（固相：IZD 90 mm对17.5 mm；液相：MIC 2.0 mg/mL对0.06 mg/mL；气相：IZD 90 mm对12.5 mm；所有p值<0.05）。在细菌中，固相精油对[具体细菌名称1]和[具体细菌名称2]的活性增强，而液相精油对[具体细菌名称3]和[具体细菌名称4]具有最佳活性。值得注意的是，[具体细菌名称5]、[具体细菌名称6]和[具体细菌名称7]对精油的所有相均表现出高度敏感性。这些发现突出了精油在其各个相中的潜在活性，作为一种有前景的替代抗菌剂对抗具有医学意义的病原体，为进一步探索和开发精油以对抗抗菌药物耐药性提供了重要的基线信息。
