Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad (Abbottabad Campus), Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Biomed Res Int. 2019 Jul 28;2019:6478187. doi: 10.1155/2019/6478187. eCollection 2019.
is a multifunctional plant that has gained acceptance as an excellent home remedy source in Asia and the world. The present study was intended to evaluate the phytochemical contents and antioxidant, antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and protein kinase inhibition activities in different fractions of leaf. Methanolic extract of leaves was fractionated using column chromatography and ten fractions (AV1-AV10) were obtained. Phenolics composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and protein kinase inhibition activities were evaluated using standard protocols. Well-known compounds of were used for in silico study against enzymes involved in brine shrimp and antileishmanial and hyphae formation inhibition assay on the basis of results. Five fractions (AV3 to AV7) possess potential total phenolics and flavonoids contents along with significant biological activities. AV4 fraction exhibited the highest total phenolics content 332.4 ± 32.6g GAE/mg and total antioxidant activity 150.4 ± 25.815g AAE/mg determined by phosphomolybdenum complex assay. Fraction AV6 showed 95% antileishmanial effect as well as the lowest LD value of 0.5305g/mL in brine shrimp lethality assay. The Protein Kinase inhibition potential in leaves was determined for the first time and three fractions AV1, AV6, and AV7 depicted activity with the highest zone of inhibition up to 21±0.5mm (AV7). Docking analysis showed that contains anthraquinones, anthrones, chromones, and polysaccharides responsible for synergistic cytotoxic, antileishmanial, antibacterial, and antioxidant potential of this plant. Therefore, with more studies, could probably have the potential to be used for drug development against leishmaniasis.
是一种多功能植物，已在亚洲和世界范围内被广泛认可为一种优秀的家庭疗法来源。本研究旨在评估叶的不同部位的植物化学成分含量以及抗氧化、抗菌、抗利什曼原虫和蛋白激酶抑制活性。采用柱层析法对叶的甲醇提取物进行了分级，得到了 10 个馏分（AV1-AV10）。采用标准方法评价了酚类成分、抗氧化、抗菌、抗利什曼原虫和蛋白激酶抑制活性。根据结果，使用 的已知化合物进行了计算机模拟研究，以评估其对参与卤虫和抗利什曼原虫以及菌丝形成抑制试验的酶的抑制作用。五个馏分（AV3 至 AV7）具有潜在的总酚类和类黄酮含量以及显著的生物活性。AV4 馏分表现出最高的总酚含量 332.4±32.6g GAE/mg 和总抗氧化活性 150.4±25.815g AAE/mg，这是通过磷钼复合物法测定的。AV6 馏分在卤虫致死试验中表现出 95%的抗利什曼原虫作用，最低 LD 值为 0.5305g/mL。这是首次测定 叶的蛋白激酶抑制潜力，三个馏分 AV1、AV6 和 AV7 表现出最高的抑制活性，抑制区高达 21±0.5mm（AV7）。对接分析表明， 含有蒽醌、蒽酮、色酮和多糖，这些物质共同赋予了该植物协同的细胞毒性、抗利什曼原虫、抗菌和抗氧化潜力。因此，随着更多的研究， 可能有潜力被开发用于治疗利什曼病的药物。
