Increase and diversity of carbapenemase-producing isolates, Italy.

This study reports on a surveillance in an Italian hospital focused on carbapenemase-producing (CP-Ec). Eighteen isolates (nine from clinical specimens and nine from rectal swab) were characterized for antibiotic susceptibilities, typing features, main carbapenemase, extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) and other genes, and their transferability by conjugation and transformation. An increase in CP-Ec isolates was observed during 3-year surveillance period. Compared with the clinical isolates, all belonging to one sequence type (ST), ST131, those from rectal swab were very heterogeneous and belonged to eight STs. Transfer data confirmed the role of conjugative plasmids in the spreading of carbapenemase genes. The prevalence of CP-Ec in Italy has risen, with a substantial increase over the last year.