Laboratory of Food Science and Nutritional Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil.
School of Nutrition, Faculdade Arthur Sa Earp Neto (FMP/FASE), Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro 25680-120, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2019 Aug 29;11(9):2025. doi: 10.3390/nu11092025.
Our aims were to investigate vitamin A and E status during lactation and the determinants of breast milk content for the appropriate nutrition of the infant in a study with nursing Brazilian women. We hypothesized that both inadequate intake and the lipoprotein distribution of vitamin A and E during lactation could have an impact on their breast milk levels from early- to mid-lactation. Nineteen adult lactating women participated in this longitudinal observational study, in which dietary records, blood and mature breast milk samples were collected for the analysis of vitamin A and E, and carotenoids in early- (2nd to 4th week) and mid-lactation (12th to 14th week). Nutrient intake was balanced by the Multiple Source Method (MSM), and the intake of vitamin A and E was inadequate in 74 and 100% of the women, respectively. However, these results were not reflected in low serum concentrations of retinol and only 37% of the volunteers were vitamin E deficient according to the blood biomarker. As lactation progressed, vitamin A and E status worsened, and this was clearly observed by the decrease in their content in breast milk. The reduced content of vitamin A and E in the breast milk was not related to their distribution in lipoproteins. Taken together, the contents of vitamin A and E in breast milk seemed to be more sensitive markers of maternal nutrition status than respective blood concentrations, and dietary assessment by the MSM in early lactation was sensitive to indicate later risks of deficiency and should support maternal dietary guidance to improve the infant's nutrition.
我们的目的是在一项针对巴西哺乳期妇女的研究中，调查哺乳期维生素 A 和 E 的状况以及母乳中维生素 A 和 E 含量的决定因素，以确保婴儿获得适当的营养。我们假设，哺乳期维生素 A 和 E 的摄入量不足以及脂蛋白分布不均，可能会影响其在哺乳期早期到中期的母乳水平。19 名成年哺乳期妇女参与了这项纵向观察性研究，在此期间收集了膳食记录、血液和成熟母乳样本，以分析维生素 A 和 E 以及类胡萝卜素在哺乳期早期（第 2 至第 4 周）和中期（第 12 至第 14 周）的水平。营养素摄入量通过多源法（MSM）进行平衡，分别有 74%和 100%的女性维生素 A 和 E 摄入量不足。然而，这些结果并未反映在视黄醇的血清浓度较低上，只有 37%的志愿者根据血液生物标志物被诊断为维生素 E 缺乏。随着哺乳期的进展，维生素 A 和 E 的状况恶化，这一点可以从母乳中维生素 A 和 E 含量的下降明显看出。母乳中维生素 A 和 E 的含量减少与它们在脂蛋白中的分布无关。总的来说，母乳中维生素 A 和 E 的含量似乎比其血液浓度更能敏感地反映母体营养状况，并且在哺乳期早期通过 MSM 进行的饮食评估能够敏感地提示后期缺乏的风险，这应该支持对母亲的饮食指导，以改善婴儿的营养状况。
