Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Osteoporos Int. 2019 Oct;30(10):1953-1960. doi: 10.1007/s00198-019-05141-0. Epub 2019 Aug 30.
There is strong evidence from meta-analyses that exercise as a single intervention can reduce the number and risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults, yet not all types of exercise are equal.
Programs that include 3 h a week of exercise and provide a high challenge to balance can reduce falls by almost 40%. Reactive and volitional stepping interventions have also been shown to reduce falls by about 50%. Evidence is less clear regarding the efficacy of exercise in individuals who have experienced a stroke, who live in long-term care, who have been recently discharged from the hospital, or who have visual impairments, but there is some evidence that multifactorial programs may be useful.
Depending on the population, exercise as a single or as part of a multifactorial intervention may be beneficial in reducing falls.
有强有力的荟萃分析证据表明，运动作为单一干预措施可以减少社区居住的老年人跌倒的次数和风险，但并非所有类型的运动都一样有效。
每周进行 3 小时的运动且对平衡有较高挑战性的方案可以使跌倒的风险降低近 40%。反应性和意志性跨步干预也已被证明可以使跌倒的风险降低约 50%。对于经历过中风、住在长期护理机构、刚出院或有视力障碍的个体，运动的疗效证据不太明确，但有一些证据表明，多因素方案可能是有用的。
根据人群的不同，运动作为单一干预措施或多因素干预措施的一部分，可能有助于减少跌倒。
