Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO.
Department of Athletics, University of Arizona at Tucson, Tucson, AZ.
Chest. 2019 Dec;156(6):1234-1245. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.1921. Epub 2019 Aug 28.
Although the link between sleep, health, and performance has been well documented, research on this link in collegiate student athletes is still in its infancy. A large body of evidence indicates that collegiate student athletes are not obtaining enough sleep, but less is known about their sleep quality, patterns, and the impact on health and performance. Consequently, short sleep negatively affects physical and mental health, as well as several domains of performance (ie, aerobic, anaerobic, sport-specific, cognitive). The majority of studies examining the links between short sleep, health, and performance have been conducted with healthy adults or noncollegiate athlete samples; however, collegiate student athletes have demands unlike those of their nonathlete or noncollegiate athlete counterparts. Poor sleep health and sleep disorders are of increasing concern among the college athlete population and have recently been recognized by national and international sports governing bodies. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available literature on sleep and its impact on health and performance among athletes, specifically addressing gaps where little to no data is available on collegiate student athletes. Consideration is also given to evidence-based sleep interventions that have been utilized with athletes, as well as recommendations for future research and intervention development.
虽然睡眠、健康和表现之间的联系已经得到了充分的证明，但关于大学生运动员之间这种联系的研究仍处于起步阶段。大量证据表明，大学生运动员没有获得足够的睡眠，但关于他们的睡眠质量、模式以及对健康和表现的影响，人们知之甚少。因此，睡眠不足会对身心健康以及多个表现领域（如有氧运动、无氧运动、专项运动、认知运动）产生负面影响。大多数研究都是针对健康成年人或非大学生运动员样本进行的，研究睡眠不足、健康和表现之间的联系；然而，大学生运动员的需求与非运动员或非大学生运动员的需求不同。睡眠健康状况不佳和睡眠障碍在大学生运动员群体中越来越受到关注，最近已得到国家和国际体育管理机构的认可。本综述的目的是总结有关睡眠及其对运动员健康和表现影响的现有文献，特别是针对大学生运动员缺乏数据的情况进行总结。同时还考虑了运动员使用的基于证据的睡眠干预措施，并为未来的研究和干预措施的发展提出了建议。
