Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.
Alcohol. 2020 Feb;82:53-61. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.08.004. Epub 2019 Aug 28.
Disinhibited personality traits, such as impulsivity (IMP), excitement seeking (ES), and low harm avoidance (HA), are thought to reflect a basic vulnerability toward alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, the specific vulnerability mechanisms associated with each trait are not well understood and there are no studies of the association between disinhibited personality and drinking-related decisions. This study investigated individual differences in drinking-related decisions associated with each trait using a task that manipulated the effects of incentives and disincentives on decisions to attend and drink at different hypothetical drinking events in a sample of 430 young adults (237 men, 193 women, mean age 21.3 years), over 60% of whom had an AUD of varying severity. The results revealed each personality domain was differentially associated with different aspects of drinking decisions. Both IMP and low HA were associated with being more likely to decide to attend party events with moderate and high goal-related responsibility disincentives. We suggest that low HA is associated with reduced sensitivity to the negative consequences of not meeting a responsibility, while IMP is associated with increased discounting of future rewards (associated with meeting a responsibility) relative to the immediate reward of attending a party event. ES was associated with being more responsive to alcohol party incentives when making decisions about attending party events and deciding to drink more at events, with the highest reward potential suggesting that ES is related to a reward sensitivity decision bias. IMP appears to be associated with stronger approach that results in decisions to consume more alcohol regardless of context. The results suggest specific mechanisms by which different domains of disinhibited personality affect actual drinking-related decisions.
去抑制人格特质，如冲动性（IMP）、寻求刺激（ES）和低风险规避（HA），被认为反映了对酒精使用障碍（AUD）的基本易感性。然而，与每种特质相关的具体易感性机制尚不清楚，也没有研究去抑制人格与饮酒相关决策之间的关系。本研究使用一种任务来研究与每种特质相关的饮酒相关决策的个体差异，该任务操纵了在 430 名年轻成年人（237 名男性，193 名女性，平均年龄 21.3 岁）样本中不同假设饮酒事件中参加和饮酒的决策的激励和抑制作用，其中超过 60%的人患有不同严重程度的 AUD。结果表明，每个人格领域都与饮酒决策的不同方面存在差异。IMP 和低 HA 都与更有可能决定参加有中度和高度目标相关责任抑制的聚会活动有关。我们认为，低 HA 与对不履行责任的负面后果的敏感性降低有关，而 IMP 与对未来奖励（与履行责任有关）的折扣相对于参加聚会活动的即时奖励增加有关。ES 与在做出参加聚会活动的决策和决定在活动中喝更多酒时对酒精聚会奖励的反应更敏感有关，最高奖励潜力表明 ES 与奖励敏感性决策偏差有关。IMP 似乎与更强的接近有关，导致无论在什么情况下都决定消耗更多的酒精。研究结果表明，不同去抑制人格领域影响实际饮酒相关决策的具体机制。
