Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Nov 15;250:109407. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109407. Epub 2019 Aug 28.
Sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants, which may contain various contaminants including pharmaceuticals, is often used as a soil amendment. These contaminants may subsequently be taken up by plants. In the present study we examined uptake of select pharmaceuticals from sewage sludge applied to soils by spinach plants. Seven soils were amended with sewage sludge from two wastewater treatment plants (A and B). Concentrations of compounds in plant tissues (roots and leaves) of spinach planted 45 days in these soils under greenhouse conditions were evaluated after harvest. The largest bioaccumulation in the roots and leaves was observed for sertraline (bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of 3.3-37.9 and 1-13.4, respectively), tramadol (1.3-10.0 and 4.8-30.0), and carbamazepine (2.2-17.2 and 6.1-48.8) and its metabolite carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (not-quantified to 7.3 and 9.3-96.7). Elevated bioaccumulation in spinach roots was also identified for telmisartan (3.0-20.3) and miconazole (4.3-15.1), and leaves for metoprolol acid (not-quantified to 24.3). BAF values resulting from application of sludge B were similar to or moderately higher than BAFs from sludge A. The BAF values of carbamazepine and carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide in all tissues were negatively correlated with soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). This negative correlation between BAF and CEC was also observed for tramadol (A-roots and B-leaves), citalopram (B-roots), and telmisartan (B-roots) or between BAF and clay content for metoprolol acid (A-leaves and B-roots), tramadol (B-roots and A-leaves) and venlafaxine (B-roots). However, in the case of some other compounds (i.e. sertraline, amitriptyline, mirtazapine, metoprolol), uptake and the subsequent translocation and transformation from 3 soils of a higher pH and base cation saturation (Stagnic Chernozem Siltic, Haplic Chernozem and Greyic Phaeozem) significantly differed from 4 soils with a lower pH and base cation saturation (Haplic Luvisol, Haplic Cambisol, Dystric Cambisol and Arenosol Epieutric). Such observations proved strong compound dependent influences of soil conditions on various compounds bioaccumulations in plants and necessity of studying these processes always in diverse soils.
污水处理厂的污泥可能含有各种污染物，包括药物，通常被用作土壤改良剂。这些污染物随后可能被植物吸收。在本研究中，我们研究了菠菜植物从两种污水处理厂（A 和 B）的污泥中吸收选定药物的情况。将 7 种土壤与来自两个污水处理厂的污泥混合。在温室条件下，将 45 天种植在这些土壤中的菠菜植物的组织（根和叶）中的化合物浓度进行了评估。在根和叶中观察到最高的生物积累的是舍曲林（生物积累因子（BAF）分别为 3.3-37.9 和 1-13.4）、曲马多（1.3-10.0 和 4.8-30.0）和卡马西平（2.2-17.2 和 6.1-48.8）及其代谢物卡马西平 10,11-环氧化物（未定量至 7.3 和 9.3-96.7）。在菠菜的根中，替米沙坦（3.0-20.3）和咪康唑（4.3-15.1），以及叶中的美托洛尔酸（未定量至 24.3）也被确定为生物积累增加。污泥 B 的应用导致的 BAF 值与污泥 A 的 BAF 值相似或略高。所有组织中卡马西平与卡马西平 10,11-环氧化物的 BAF 值与土壤阳离子交换容量（CEC）呈负相关。这种 BAF 与 CEC 之间的负相关也在曲马多（A-根和 B-叶）、西酞普兰（B-根）和替米沙坦（B-根）中观察到，或在美托洛尔酸（A-叶和 B-根）、曲马多（B-根和 A-叶）和文拉法辛（B-根）中观察到 BAF 与粘土含量之间的负相关。然而，对于一些其他化合物（即舍曲林、阿米替林、米氮平、美托洛尔），在 3 种 pH 值和基础阳离子饱和度较高的土壤（Stagnic Chernozem Siltic、Haplic Chernozem 和 Greyic Phaeozem）中的吸收以及随后的迁移和转化，与 4 种 pH 值和基础阳离子饱和度较低的土壤（Haplic Luvisol、Haplic Cambisol、Dystric Cambisol 和 Arenosol Epieutric）显著不同。这些观察结果证明了土壤条件对植物中各种化合物生物积累的强烈的化合物依赖性影响，以及在不同土壤中研究这些过程的必要性。
