Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic.
University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, 38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jan 10;907:167965. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167965. Epub 2023 Oct 20.
Several studies have shown that plants can absorb various micropollutants. The behavior of micropollutants from wastewater treatment plant resources was comprehensively investigated in raised beds in which either a mixture of vegetables or maize was grown. The beds were either irrigated with treated wastewater or enriched with sewage sludge or composted sewage sludge. Over the year, samples of wastewater, water drained from the beds, soils and plants were analyzed. Of the seventy-five analyzed substances, fifty-four, thirty-three and twenty-seven were quantified in wastewater, sewage sludge, and composted sludge, respectively. Alarmingly, approximately 20 % of the compounds from wastewater were also detected in the solutions leached from the beds irrigated with wastewater (e.g., gabapentin, tramadol, sertraline, carbamazepine, its metabolites, and benzotriazoles). In addition, a gradual increase in the content of four substances (telmisartan, venlafaxine, carbamazepine, citalopram) was recorded in these beds. The compounds from both biosolids used for soil enrichment tended to remain in the soils (e.g., telmisartan, venlafaxine, sertraline, its metabolite, citalopram, and its metabolite). Only four compounds (sertraline and three benzotriazoles) leached from these beds. Uptake of some chemicals (e.g., gabapentin, tramadol, carbamazepine and its metabolite, and venlafaxine and its metabolite) and their accumulation in plant tissues was observed mainly in vegetables grown on beds irrigated with wastewater. However, daily consumption values for edible plant parts and individual compounds did not indicate a direct threat to human health. Results of this innovative study show possible risks associated with the use of these resources in agriculture. Of particular concern is the possible micropollutants percolation towards groundwater, including those for which high sorption and thus low mobility in the soil environment is expected, such as sertraline. Soil and crop contamination cannot be neglected either.
几项研究表明，植物可以吸收各种微量污染物。在种植蔬菜或玉米的高架床上，综合研究了来自废水处理厂资源的微量污染物的行为。这些床要么用处理过的废水灌溉，要么用污水污泥或堆肥污泥富化。在这一年中，分析了废水、从床上排出的水、土壤和植物的样本。在所分析的 75 种物质中，54、33 和 27 种分别在废水中、污水污泥中和堆肥污泥中定量。令人震惊的是，大约 20%的来自废水的化合物也在用废水灌溉的床中渗出的溶液中被检测到（例如加巴喷丁、曲马多、舍曲林、卡马西平、其代谢物和苯并三唑）。此外，在这些床上还记录到四种物质（替米沙坦、文拉法辛、卡马西平、西酞普兰）的含量逐渐增加。用于土壤富化的两种生物固体中使用的化合物往往留在土壤中（例如替米沙坦、文拉法辛、舍曲林、其代谢物、西酞普兰和其代谢物）。只有四种化合物（舍曲林和三种苯并三唑）从这些床上渗出。一些化学物质（例如加巴喷丁、曲马多、卡马西平和其代谢物以及文拉法辛和其代谢物）的吸收及其在植物组织中的积累主要发生在用水灌溉的床上种植的蔬菜中。然而，食用植物部分和个别化合物的日摄入量并不表明对人类健康的直接威胁。这项创新研究的结果表明，在农业中使用这些资源可能存在风险。特别令人关注的是，微量污染物可能渗透到地下水中，包括那些预计在土壤环境中具有高吸附性和低迁移性的化合物，如舍曲林。土壤和作物污染也不容忽视。
