McKinley Sophia K, Chawla Akhil, Ferrone Cristina R
Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, GRB-425, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, WAC 4-460, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2019 Oct;28(4):745-762. doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2019.06.009.
Primary liver tumors are most commonly hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Although surgical resection offers a chance for cure, these tumors generally present at a late, inoperable stage, necessitating an understanding of noncurative and palliative treatment options. These options include ablative therapies, including radiofrequency ablation; intra-arterial therapies, including transcatheter chemoembolization; biliary decompression; radiotherapy; systemic therapies, including traditional chemotherapeutic agents; and molecular therapies, such as sorafenib. Selection of nonoperative treatment depends on patient and tumor factors as well as institutional resources and expertise.
原发性肝肿瘤最常见的是肝细胞癌和肝内胆管癌。虽然手术切除提供了治愈的机会，但这些肿瘤通常在晚期出现，处于不可手术切除的阶段，因此有必要了解非根治性和姑息性治疗方案。这些方案包括消融治疗，如射频消融；动脉内治疗，如经动脉化疗栓塞；胆道减压；放射治疗；全身治疗，如传统化疗药物；以及分子治疗，如索拉非尼。非手术治疗的选择取决于患者和肿瘤因素以及机构资源和专业知识。
