Doctoral School of Education, University of Szeged, Hungary.
Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Szeged, Hungary.
Appetite. 2019 Dec 1;143:104416. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104416. Epub 2019 Aug 29.
Adolescence is a critical stage in life course development. It is a particularly relevant stage regarding our understanding of eating behaviors since adolescent's evolving, more autonomous food preferences tend to be influenced by peers and media as much if not more than the family. Therefore, exploring adolescent's eating preferences could be an important focus to developing prevention programs.
To explore the role of psychological variables (namely, self-risk perception, self-control and eating motivations) and their relationships with healthy eating attitudes.
A sample of adolescents (Szeged, Hungary, N = 274, ages 14-19 years; mean age = 15.95 years, S.D. = 1.17 years; 54% males) was recruited to participate in the study. Data were collected from self-administered/anonymous questionnaires. Besides descriptive statistics, correlations and a path analysis were applied to examine the relationships between self-control, self-risk perception, eating motivations and healthy eating attitudes.
Self-control played a decisive role, both directly and indirectly in healthy eating attitudes, while self-risk-perception had a less important mediating role. Eating motives were directly related to eating attitudes but in a different way: health motives were positively associated with healthy eating attitudes, while social and external motives had a negative relationship.
The path analysis suggests that self-control indeed plays an important role in developing healthy attitudes. While health motives play a more decisive role in health-related attitudes than we might expect, self-risk perception plays a limited role perhaps due to the notion that adolescents typically present a feeling of invulnerability. These findings suggest that despite their diminished self-risk perception, adolescents tend to be health conscious in nutrition, particularly when it combines with the underlying impact of self-control and health motives.
青春期是人生发展的关键阶段。这是一个特别相关的阶段，因为青少年不断发展的、更自主的食物偏好往往受到同伴和媒体的影响，即使不比家庭影响更大，也和家庭影响一样大。因此，探索青少年的饮食偏好可能是制定预防计划的一个重要重点。
探讨心理变量（即自我风险感知、自我控制和饮食动机）及其与健康饮食态度的关系。
研究招募了 274 名 14-19 岁的青少年（匈牙利塞格德，平均年龄为 15.95 岁，标准差为 1.17 岁，54%为男性）参与研究。数据是通过自我管理/匿名问卷收集的。除了描述性统计外，还应用了相关性和路径分析来检验自我控制、自我风险感知、饮食动机与健康饮食态度之间的关系。
自我控制在健康饮食态度中起着决定性的作用，无论是直接还是间接的，而自我风险感知的中介作用较小。饮食动机与饮食态度直接相关，但方式不同：健康动机与健康饮食态度呈正相关，而社会和外部动机则呈负相关。
路径分析表明，自我控制确实在培养健康态度方面起着重要作用。虽然健康动机在与健康相关的态度中起着比我们预期更决定性的作用，但自我风险感知的作用有限，也许是因为青少年通常有一种不可侵犯的感觉。这些发现表明，尽管青少年自我风险感知减弱，但他们在营养方面往往具有健康意识，特别是当自我控制和健康动机的潜在影响相结合时。
