Applying vinpocetine to reverse synaptic ultrastructure by regulating BDNF-related PSD-95 in alleviating schizophrenia-like deficits in rat.

BACKGROUND

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by hyperlocomotion, cognitive symptoms, and social withdrawal. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic density (PSD)-95 are related to schizophrenia-like deficits via regulating the synaptic ultrastructure, and play a role in drug therapy. Vinpocetine is a nootropic phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE-1) inhibitor that can reverse ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like deficits by increasing BDNF expression. However, the effects of vinpocetine on alleviating schizophrenia-like deficits via reversing the synaptic ultrastructure by regulating BDNF-related PSD-95 have not been sufficiently studied.

METHODS

In this study, the schizophrenic model was built using ketamine (30 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. The effect of vinpocetine on reversing schizophrenia-like behaviors was examined via behavioral testing followed by treatment with certain doses of vinpocetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.). The BDNF and PSD-95 levels in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) were measured using biochemical assessments. In addition, the synaptic ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

RESULTS

Ketamine induced drastic schizophrenia-like behaviors, lower protein levels of BDNF and PSD-95, and a change in the synaptic ultrastructure in the PCC. After treatment, the vinpocetine revealed a marked amendment in schizophrenia-like behaviors induced by ketamine, including higher locomotor behavior, lower cognitive behavior, and social withdrawal defects. Vinpocetine could increase the PSD-95 protein level by up-regulating the expression of BDNF. In addition, the synaptic ultrastructure was changed after vinpocetine administration, including a reduction in the thickness and curvature of the synaptic interface, as well as an increase in synaptic cleft width in the PCC.

CONCLUSION

Vinpocetine can reverse the synaptic ultrastructure by regulating BDNF-related PSD-95 to alleviate schizophrenia-like deficits induced by ketamine in rats.