Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental, Clinical, and Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Sep 2;55(9):559. doi: 10.3390/medicina55090559.
Sexual function worsens with advancing menopause status. The most frequently reported symptoms include low sexual desire (40-55%), poor lubrication (25-30%) and dyspareunia (12-45%), one of the complications of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Declining levels of sex steroids (estrogens and androgens) play a major role in the impairment of sexual response; however, psychological and relational changes related with aging and an increase in metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities should also be taken into account. Although first-line therapeutic strategies for menopause-related sexual dysfunction aim at addressing modifiable factors, many hormonal and non-hormonal, local and systemic treatment options are currently available. Treatment should be individualized, taking into account the severity of symptoms, potential adverse effects and personal preferences.
性功能随绝经状态的进展而恶化。最常报告的症状包括性欲低下（40-55%）、润滑不良（25-30%）和性交困难（12-45%），这是女性生殖泌尿综合征（GSM）的并发症之一。性激素（雌激素和雄激素）水平下降在性功能障碍中起主要作用；然而，还应考虑与年龄相关的心理和人际关系变化，以及代谢和心血管合并症的增加。尽管治疗与绝经相关的性功能障碍的一线治疗策略旨在解决可改变的因素，但目前有许多激素和非激素、局部和全身的治疗选择。治疗应个体化，考虑到症状的严重程度、潜在的不良反应和个人偏好。
