Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Singapore Med J. 2019 Aug;60(8):387-396. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2019088.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) results in drug-resistant infections that are harder to treat, subsequently leading to increased morbidity and mortality. In 2008, we reviewed the problem of AMR in Singapore, limiting our discussion to the human healthcare sector. Ten years later, we revisit this issue again, reviewing current efforts to contain it in order to understand the progress made as well as current and emerging challenges. Although a significant amount of work has been done to control AMR and improve antibiotic prescribing in Singapore, most of it has focused on the hospital setting, with mixed impact. The role of antibiotic use and AMR in food animals and the environment - and the link to human health - is better understood today. This issue of AMR encompasses both human health as well as animal/food safety, and efforts to control it will need to continually evolve to maintain or improve on current gains.
抗菌素耐药性（AMR）导致耐药感染，更难治疗，进而导致发病率和死亡率增加。2008 年，我们回顾了新加坡的 AMR 问题，将讨论仅限于人类医疗保健部门。十年后，我们再次探讨这个问题，审查目前遏制 AMR 的努力，以了解所取得的进展以及当前和新出现的挑战。尽管新加坡已经做了大量工作来控制 AMR 和改善抗生素处方，但其中大部分工作都集中在医院环境中，效果不一。如今，人们对食用动物和环境中抗生素使用和 AMR 及其与人类健康的关系有了更好的理解。这个 AMR 问题既涉及人类健康，也涉及动物/食品安全，控制它的努力需要不断发展，以保持或提高当前的成果。
