Kareem Sawsan Mohammed, Mahmood Suhad Saad, Hindi Nada KhazalKadhim
Biology Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Department of Biotechnology, University of Baghdad, AL Mansour City, Baghdad, Iraq.
J Gastrointest Cancer. 2020 Sep;51(3):824-828. doi: 10.1007/s12029-019-00301-1.
Antimicrobial properties of silymarin and curcumin have been assessed against several infectious agents. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-apoptotic and antibacterial effects of both compounds on the expression of genes among Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 12022 and Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni strain ATCC 33560 standard strains.
S. dysenteriae and C. jejuni standard strains were prepared from reference laboratory. Additionally, two clinical multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were adopted. Silymarin and curcumin stocks were purchased from Sigma Corporation (USA), and after preparation of dilutions (0.5-512 μg/ml), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined. Furthermore, the effect of 100 μg/ml of each compound was also evaluated on the expression of two gyrB and 16S rRNA housekeeping genes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).
Silymarin MIC and MBC were 512 μg/ml and > 512 μg/ml against S. dysenteriae and > 512μg/ml against C. jejuni standard strains, respectively. Moreover, curcumin MIC and MBC concentrations were 256 μg/ml and 512 μg/ml, respectively for ATCC strains. Silymarin down-expressed the expression of gyrB gene in S. dysenteriae and gyrB and 16srRNA gene in C. jejuni significantly (p < 0.05) compared with unexposed strains. In addition, curcumin could down-express the both gyrB and 16S rRNA genes in both strains significantly (p < 0.05). For two MDR clinical isolates, both MIC and MBC of compounds were > 512 μg/ml. Addition of 100 μg/ml curcumin and silymarin to ampicillin (10 μg/ml) lowered the MIC of MDR S. dysenteriae to 256 μg/ml and 512 μg/ml, respectively. However, no MIC change was observed with regard to C. jejuni.
In this study, curcumin and silymarin could inhibit the growth of S. dysenteriae and C. jejuni and 100 μg/ml sub-MIC levels exhibited the suppression of housekeeping genes. Combating pathogenic bacteria by compounds alternative to antibiotics in the era of antibiotic resistance is a proper strategy, though more studies using combinations of them are needed.
已评估水飞蓟素和姜黄素对多种感染因子的抗菌特性。本研究的目的是调查这两种化合物对痢疾志贺氏菌ATCC 12022和空肠弯曲菌空肠亚种ATCC 33560标准菌株中基因表达的抗凋亡和抗菌作用。
从参考实验室制备痢疾志贺氏菌和空肠弯曲菌标准菌株。此外，采用了两株临床多重耐药（MDR）分离株。水飞蓟素和姜黄素储备液购自美国西格玛公司，在制备稀释液（0.5 - 512μg/ml）后，测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。此外，还通过定量实时PCR（qRT-PCR）评估了每种化合物100μg/ml对两个gyrB和16S rRNA管家基因表达的影响。
水飞蓟素对痢疾志贺氏菌的MIC和MBC分别为512μg/ml和>512μg/ml，对空肠弯曲菌标准菌株的MIC和MBC分别为>512μg/ml。此外，姜黄素对ATCC菌株的MIC和MBC浓度分别为256μg/ml和512μg/ml。与未处理菌株相比，水飞蓟素显著下调了痢疾志贺氏菌中gyrB基因以及空肠弯曲菌中gyrB和16srRNA基因的表达（p<0.05）。此外，姜黄素可显著下调两种菌株中gyrB和16S rRNA基因的表达（p<0.05）。对于两株MDR临床分离株，化合物的MIC和MBC均>512μg/ml。向氨苄西林（10μg/ml）中添加100μg/ml姜黄素和水飞蓟素可分别将MDR痢疾志贺氏菌的MIC降至256μg/ml和512μg/ml。然而，未观察到空肠弯曲菌的MIC有变化。
在本研究中，姜黄素和水飞蓟素可抑制痢疾志贺氏菌和空肠弯曲菌的生长，100μg/ml的亚MIC水平表现出对管家基因的抑制作用。在抗生素耐药时代，使用抗生素替代化合物对抗病原菌是一种合适的策略，不过还需要更多关于它们联合使用的研究。
