Verburg Ilse, García-Cobos Silvia, Hernández Leal Lucia, Waar Karola, Friedrich Alex W, Schmitt Heike
Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Microorganisms. 2019 Sep 3;7(9):312. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7090312.
After consumption, antibiotic residues and exposed bacteria end up via the feces in wastewater, and therefore wastewater is believed to play an important role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We investigated the abundance and AMR profiles of three different species over a complete wastewater pathway during a one-year sampling campaign, as well as including antimicrobial consumption and antimicrobial concentrations analysis. A total of 2886 isolates (997 , 863 spp., and 1026 spp.) were cultured from the 211 samples collected. The bacterial AMR profiles mirrored the antimicrobial consumption in the respective locations, which were highest in the hospital. However, the contribution of hospital wastewater to AMR found in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was below 10% for all antimicrobials tested. We found high concentrations (7-8 logs CFU/L) of the three bacterial species in all wastewaters, and they survived the wastewater treatment (effluent concentrations were around 5 log CFU/L), showing an increase of in the receiving river after the WWTP discharge. Although the WWTP had no effect on the proportion of AMR, bacterial species and antimicrobial residues were still measured in the effluent, showing the role of wastewater contamination in the environmental surface water.
抗生素残留和暴露的细菌在被消耗后会随粪便进入废水，因此废水被认为在抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）传播中起重要作用。在为期一年的采样活动中，我们调查了完整废水处理路径中三种不同物种的丰度和AMR谱，同时包括抗菌药物消费和抗菌药物浓度分析。从收集的211个样本中总共培养出2886株分离菌（997株 、863株 和1026株 ）。细菌的AMR谱反映了各个地点的抗菌药物消费情况，其中医院的抗菌药物消费最高。然而，对于所有测试的抗菌药物，医院废水对污水处理厂（WWTP）中发现的AMR的贡献低于10%。我们在所有废水中都发现了高浓度（7-8 log CFU/L）的这三种细菌，并且它们在废水处理后存活下来（出水浓度约为5 log CFU/L），在污水处理厂排放后，受纳河流中的细菌数量有所增加。尽管污水处理厂对AMR比例没有影响，但出水中仍检测到细菌种类和抗菌药物残留，表明废水污染对环境地表水的影响。
