University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Seed Science and Technology Svetošimunska 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Svetošimunska 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 4;9(1):12767. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49097-x.
Sideritis scardica Giseb. is a subalpine/alpine plant species endemic to the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. In this study, we combined Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and environmental data to examine the adaptive genetic variations in S. scardica natural populations sampled in contrasting environments. A total of 226 AFLP loci were genotyped in 166 individuals from nine populations. The results demonstrated low gene diversity, ranging from 0.095 to 0.133 and significant genetic differentiation ranging from 0.115 to 0.408. Seven genetic clusters were revealed by Bayesian clustering methods as well as by Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components and each population formed its respective cluster. The exception were populations P02 Mt. Shara and P07 Mt. Vermio, that were admixed between two clusters. Both landscape genetic methods Mcheza and BayeScan identified a total of seven (3.10%) markers exhibiting higher levels of genetic differentiation among populations. The spatial analysis method Samβada detected 50 individual markers (22.12%) associated with bioclimatic variables, among them seven were identified by both Mcheza and BayeScan as being under directional selection. Four bioclimatic variables associated with five out of seven outliers were related to precipitation, suggesting that this variable is the key factor affecting the adaptive variation of S. scardica.
斯氏鼠尾草（Sideritis scardica Giseb.）是巴尔干半岛中部特有的亚高山/高山植物物种。在这项研究中，我们结合扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）和环境数据，研究了在不同环境中取样的斯氏鼠尾草自然种群的适应性遗传变异。在来自 9 个种群的 166 个个体中，共检测到 226 个 AFLP 位点。结果表明，基因多样性较低，范围为 0.095 至 0.133，遗传分化显著，范围为 0.115 至 0.408。贝叶斯聚类方法以及主成分判别分析揭示了 7 个遗传聚类，每个种群都形成了各自的聚类。例外的是 P02 沙拉山和 P07 韦尔米奥山的种群，它们在两个聚类之间存在混合。景观遗传方法 Mcheza 和 BayeScan 总共鉴定出 7 个（3.10%）标记在种群间表现出更高水平的遗传分化。空间分析方法 Samβada 检测到 50 个个体标记（22.12%）与生物气候变量相关，其中 7 个标记被 Mcheza 和 BayeScan 鉴定为受到定向选择。与五个异常值中的四个生物气候变量与降水有关，这表明该变量是影响斯氏鼠尾草适应性变异的关键因素。
