Harwansh Ranjit K, Deshmukh Rohitas, Barkat Md Abul, Rahman Md Akhlaquer
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura -281406, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna, Gurgaon, India.
Pharm Nanotechnol. 2019;7(3):181-205. doi: 10.2174/2211738507666190429104550.
Smart nanosystems (SNs) have the potential to revolutionize drug delivery. Conventional drug delivery systems have poor drug-loading, early burst release, limited therapeutic effects, etc. Thus, to overcome these problems, researchers have taken advantage of the host-guest interactions as bioinspired nanosystems which can deliver nanocarriers more efficiently with the maximum drug loading capacity and improved therapeutic efficacy as well as bioavailability. SNs employ nanomaterials to form cage molecules by entrapping new nanocarriers called smart nanosystems in their cargo and design. The activities of SNs are based on responsive materials that interact with the stimuli either by changing their properties or conformational structures. The aptitude of living systems to respond to stimuli and process information has encouraged researchers to build up integrated nanosystems exhibiting similar function and therapeutic response. Various smart materials, including polymers, have been exhaustively employed in fabricating different stimuli-responsive nanosystems which can deliver bioactive molecules to a specific site for a certain period with minimal side effects. SNs have been widely explored to deliver diverse kinds of therapeutic agents ranging from bioactive compounds, genes, and biopharmaceuticals like proteins and peptides, to diagnostic imaging agents for biomedical applications. Nanotechnology-based different nanosystems are promising for health care issues. The advancement of SNs with physical science and engineering technology in synthesizing nanostructures and their physicochemical characterization should be exploited in medicine and healthcare for reducing mortality rate, morbidity, disease prevalence and general societal burden.
智能纳米系统（SNs）有潜力彻底改变药物递送方式。传统的药物递送系统存在药物负载量低、早期突释、治疗效果有限等问题。因此，为克服这些问题，研究人员利用主客体相互作用构建仿生纳米系统，这类系统能够以最大药物负载量更高效地递送纳米载体，同时提高治疗效果和生物利用度。SNs利用纳米材料，通过在其“货物”和设计中包裹名为智能纳米系统的新型纳米载体来形成笼状分子。SNs的活性基于响应性材料，这些材料通过改变自身性质或构象结构与刺激物相互作用。生物系统对刺激做出反应并处理信息的能力促使研究人员构建具有类似功能和治疗反应的集成纳米系统。包括聚合物在内的各种智能材料已被广泛用于制造不同的刺激响应性纳米系统，这些系统能够在一段时间内将生物活性分子递送至特定部位，且副作用最小。SNs已被广泛研究用于递送各种治疗剂，从生物活性化合物、基因，以及蛋白质和肽等生物药物，到用于生物医学应用的诊断成像剂。基于纳米技术的不同纳米系统在解决医疗保健问题方面前景广阔。应利用物理科学和工程技术在合成纳米结构及其物理化学表征方面的进展，将SNs应用于医学和医疗保健领域，以降低死亡率、发病率、疾病患病率和总体社会负担。
