Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada.
MAGMA. 2020 Apr;33(2):257-272. doi: 10.1007/s10334-019-00775-x. Epub 2019 Sep 5.
To provide a review and quantitative analysis of the available fetal MR imaging phantoms.
A literature search was conducted across Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Ryerson University Library databases to identify fetal MR imaging phantoms. Phantoms were graded on a semi-quantitative scale in regards to four evaluation categories: (1) anatomical accuracy in size and shape, (2) dielectric conductivity similar to the simulated tissue, (3) relaxation times similar to simulated tissue, and (4) physiological motion similar to fetal gross body, cardiovascular, and breathing motion. This was followed by statistical analysis to identify significant findings.
Seventeen fetal phantoms were identified and had an average overall percentage accuracy of 26%, with anatomical accuracy being satisfied the most (56%) and physiological motion the least (7%). Phantoms constructed using 3D printing were significantly more accurate than conventionally constructed phantoms.
Currently available fetal phantoms lack accuracy and motion simulation. 3D printing may lead to higher accuracy compared with traditional manufacturing. Future research needs to focus on properly simulating both fetal anatomy and physiological motion to produce a phantom that is appropriate for fetal MRI sequence development and optimization.
对现有的胎儿磁共振成像（MRI）体模进行综述和定量分析。
通过在 Pubmed、Google Scholar 和瑞尔森大学图书馆数据库中进行文献检索，以确定胎儿 MRI 体模。体模在四个评估类别方面进行了半定量评分：（1）大小和形状的解剖学准确性，（2）介电导率与模拟组织相似，（3）弛豫时间与模拟组织相似，（4）与胎儿大体运动、心血管运动和呼吸运动相似的生理运动。随后进行了统计学分析以确定显著发现。
确定了 17 个体模，平均整体准确率为 26%，其中解剖学准确性最高（56%），生理运动准确性最低（7%）。使用 3D 打印技术构建的体模明显比传统方法构建的体模更准确。
目前可用的胎儿体模缺乏准确性和运动模拟。3D 打印可能比传统制造具有更高的准确性。未来的研究需要集中精力正确模拟胎儿解剖结构和生理运动，以制作出适合胎儿 MRI 序列开发和优化的体模。
