Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Muğla Sıtkı Kocman University, Muğla, Turkey.
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.
J Food Biochem. 2019 Sep;43(9):e12965. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.12965. Epub 2019 Jul 2.
Chemical composition and structural characterization of polysaccharides of Fomes fomentarius (FF), Fuscoporia torulosa, Ganoderma adspersum, Ganoderma applanatum (GAP), Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus igniarius, Pleurotus ostreatus (PO), and Porodaedalea pini (PP) tree mushrooms with antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities were determined in this research. Total carbohydrate contents of the polysaccharides were ranged between 65.06 ± 6.76 and 88.27 ± 5.15 µg/mg and total protein contents were ranged between 3.18 ± 0.72 and 6.56 ± 1.25 µg/mg. Galactose, glucose, and mannose were identified as major monosaccharides in all polysaccharides using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. FT-IR analysis showed the characteristic peaks of the polysaccharides and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection was used to determine the molecular weight of the polysaccharides. In β-carotene-linoleic acid assay FF (IC : 2.55 ± 0.40 µg/ml) displayed the highest antioxidant activity, whereas GAP indicated the highest antioxidant activity in cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (A :59.90 ± 0.53 μg/ml), ABTS (IC : 16.62 ± 0.31 μg/ml), and DPPH (IC : 45.58 ± 0.21 μg/ml) assays. In cholinesterase inhibitory activity test, PO (56.31±0.0.74%) showed significant inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase enzyme. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Polysaccharides from mushrooms are the major class of bioactive compounds with various biological activities. Several studies were performed on the biological activity of the polysaccharide extracts from different mushrooms. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report on the chemical composition, structural characterization, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of extracted polysaccharides from studied mushrooms in detail. This investigation shows that polysaccharide extracts obtained from tree mushrooms show a significant bioactivity and these polysaccharides might be used as bioactive natural sources in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
本研究测定了具有抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶活性的 Fomes fomentarius (FF)、Fuscoporia torulosa、Ganoderma adspersum、Ganoderma applanatum (GAP)、Ganoderma lucidum、Phellinus igniarius、Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) 和 Porodaedalea pini (PP) 树蘑菇中的多糖的化学成分和结构特征。多糖的总碳水化合物含量在 65.06±6.76 和 88.27±5.15 µg/mg 之间，总蛋白质含量在 3.18±0.72 和 6.56±1.25 µg/mg 之间。使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪鉴定了所有多糖中的主要单糖为半乳糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖。傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR) 分析显示了多糖的特征峰，高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测用于测定多糖的分子量。在 β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸测定中，FF（IC：2.55±0.40 µg/ml）显示出最高的抗氧化活性，而 GAP 在铜还原抗氧化能力 (A：59.90±0.53 µg/ml)、ABTS（IC：16.62±0.31 µg/ml）和 DPPH（IC：45.58±0.21 µg/ml）测定中显示出最高的抗氧化活性。在胆碱酯酶抑制活性试验中，PO（56.31±0.0.74%）对丁酰胆碱酯酶表现出显著的抑制活性。
蘑菇中的多糖是具有各种生物活性的主要生物活性化合物类。已经对不同蘑菇的多糖提取物的生物活性进行了多项研究。然而，据我们所知，这是首次详细报道从研究蘑菇中提取的多糖的化学成分、结构特征、抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶活性。这项研究表明，从树蘑菇中提取的多糖提取物具有显著的生物活性，这些多糖可能在制药、食品和化妆品行业用作生物活性天然来源。
