Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy.
Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Regional Center for Pediatric Diabetes, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
Acta Diabetol. 2019 Dec;56(12):1315-1321. doi: 10.1007/s00592-019-01415-5. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
To assess the association between alcohol consumption and/or cigarette smoking with other unhealthy behaviors and clinical cardiovascular risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes.
Two hundred and twenty-eight youth with type 1 diabetes (age 13-19 years) were consecutively enrolled in three Regional Pediatric Diabetes Centers in Italy. Demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle (adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern and sports participation) and laboratory parameters were compared among youth reporting isolated or combined alcohol consumption and/or cigarette smoking.
Ten percent of the youth reported alcohol consumption, 10% cigarette smoking and 6% both alcohol and cigarette use; 74% did not report alcohol or cigarette use. Compared to non-drinker non-smoker youth, smokers showed significantly higher percentages of each of the behavioral and clinical cardiovascular risk factors. Drinkers showed a significantly higher proportion of abdominal adiposity, dyslipidemia and poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Alcohol consumption was independently associated with both dyslipidemia and high glycosylated hemoglobin.
Our findings emphasize the need to increase the awareness of youth with T1D about the negative impact of alcohol drinking on cardiovascular risk, since the effects of alcohol might be underestimated with respect to the well-known detrimental effects of smoking. Clustering of unhealthy lifestyle should be discouraged in type 1 diabetes youth in order to promote cardiovascular protection.
评估青少年 1 型糖尿病患者饮酒和/或吸烟与其他不健康行为及临床心血管危险因素之间的相关性。
连续纳入意大利三个区域儿科糖尿病中心的 228 名青少年 1 型糖尿病患者（年龄 13-19 岁）。比较报告单独或同时饮酒和/或吸烟的青少年之间的人口统计学、人体测量学、生活方式（地中海饮食模式依从性和体育参与）和实验室参数。
10%的青少年报告饮酒，10%报告吸烟，6%同时饮酒和吸烟；74%的青少年不报告饮酒或吸烟。与非饮酒非吸烟的青少年相比，吸烟者表现出更高比例的每一种行为和临床心血管危险因素。饮酒者表现出更高比例的腹部肥胖、血脂异常和地中海饮食依从性差。饮酒与血脂异常和高糖化血红蛋白独立相关。
我们的研究结果强调了需要提高青少年 1 型糖尿病患者对饮酒对心血管风险的负面影响的认识，因为与吸烟的众所周知的有害影响相比，饮酒的影响可能被低估了。应劝阻 1 型糖尿病青少年的不健康生活方式聚集，以促进心血管保护。
