Psychopathology and Early Intervention Lab II, Department of Psychiatry, The Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Kondratowicza 8, 03-242, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021 Jun;271(4):713-722. doi: 10.1007/s00406-019-01065-2. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
Cognitive models suggest that top-down and emotional processes increase false perceptions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, little is still known about the interaction of these processes in false auditory perceptions. The present study aimed at investigating the specific as well as joint impacts of expectancies and emotional load on false auditory perceptions in SSD. Thirty-three patients with SSD and 33 matched healthy controls were assessed with a false perception task. Participants were asked to detect a target stimulus (a word) in a white noise background (the word was present in 60% of the cases and absent in 40%). Conditions varied in terms of the level of expectancy (1. no cue prior to the stimulus, 2. semantic priming, 3. semantic priming accompanied by a video of a man's mouth spelling out the word). The words used were neutral or emotionally negative. Symptom severity was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Higher expectancy significantly increased the likelihood of false auditory perceptions only among the patients with SSD (the group x expectancy condition interaction was significant), which was unrelated to general cognitive performance. Emotional load had no impact on false auditory perceptions in either group. Patients made more false auditory perceptions with high confidence than controls did. False auditory perceptions were significantly correlated with the severity of positive symptoms and disorganization, but not with other dimensions. Perception in SSD seems to be susceptible to top-down processes, increasing the likelihood of high-confidence false auditory perceptions.
认知模型表明，自上而下的和情绪的过程会增加精神分裂症谱系障碍（SSD）患者的错误感知。然而，关于这些过程在错误听觉感知中的相互作用，我们仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在调查 SSD 患者的期望和情绪负荷对错误听觉感知的具体和联合影响。33 名 SSD 患者和 33 名匹配的健康对照组参加了错误感知任务。要求参与者在白噪声背景中检测目标刺激（一个单词）（单词在 60%的情况下出现，在 40%的情况下不出现）。条件在期望水平上有所不同（1. 刺激前无提示，2. 语义启动，3. 语义启动伴有一个男人的口型拼写单词的视频）。所用的单词为中性或情感消极。使用阳性和阴性症状量表评估症状严重程度。仅在 SSD 患者中，较高的期望显著增加了错误听觉感知的可能性（组 x 期望条件的交互作用显著），这与一般认知表现无关。情绪负荷对两组的错误听觉感知均无影响。患者的错误听觉感知比对照组更有信心。错误听觉感知与阳性症状和紊乱的严重程度显著相关，但与其他维度无关。在 SSD 中，感知似乎容易受到自上而下的过程的影响，增加了高置信度错误听觉感知的可能性。
