压力性生活事件对中国大学生抑郁的影响：宿命论和核心自我评价的多重中介作用。
The influence of stressful life events on depression among Chinese university students: Multiple mediating roles of fatalism and core self-evaluations.
机构信息
School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Social Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430079, China; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China.
School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Social Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430079, China; Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi 562400, China.
出版信息
J Affect Disord. 2020 Jan 1;260:84-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.083. Epub 2019 Aug 28.
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have investigated the role of cognitive factors in the relationship between stressful life events and depression; however, few studies comprehensively considered cognitive and personality factors. Therefore, this study investigated the multiple mediating roles of fatalism and core self-evaluations in the relationship between stressful life events and depression.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 537 Chinese university students (M = 20.20, SD = 1.38) at two universities in Guizhou and Sichuan provinces. The independent variable was stressful life events; mediating variables were fatalism and core self-evaluations; and the dependent variable was extent of depression. Multiple mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS.
RESULTS
Significant positive correlations were found among stressful life events, fatalism, and depression, while core self-evaluations were significantly negatively correlated with stressful life events, fatalism, and depression. After adjusting for demographic variables, stressful life events directly and positively influenced depression (β = 0.370, 95% CI = 0.292-0.448). Fatalism and core self-evaluations played multiple mediating roles in the relationship between stressful life events and depression, with stressful life events influencing depression through three mediation pathways (total mediation effect = 0.199, 95% CI = 0.145-0.254), which accounted for 53.85% of the total effect.
LIMITATIONS
The data used in this study were self-reported by university students and measureed via cross-sectional designs.
CONCLUSIONS
Stressful life events can influence depression either directly or indirectly by simultaneously increasing fatalism and lowering core self-evaluations (parallel mediation) or decreasing core self-evaluations through increasing the level of fatalism (serial mediation).
背景
先前的研究已经探讨了认知因素在生活应激事件与抑郁之间关系中的作用；然而，很少有研究全面考虑认知和人格因素。因此，本研究调查了宿命论和核心自我评价在生活应激事件与抑郁之间关系中的多重中介作用。
方法
采用横断面调查法，在贵州和四川两省的两所大学中对 537 名中国大学生（M=20.20，SD=1.38）进行调查。自变量为生活应激事件；中介变量为宿命论和核心自我评价；因变量为抑郁程度。采用 SPSS 的 PROCESS 宏进行多重中介分析。
结果
生活应激事件、宿命论和抑郁之间存在显著正相关，而核心自我评价与生活应激事件、宿命论和抑郁之间存在显著负相关。在调整了人口统计学变量后，生活应激事件直接且正向影响抑郁（β=0.370，95%置信区间=0.292-0.448）。宿命论和核心自我评价在生活应激事件与抑郁之间发挥了多重中介作用，生活应激事件通过三条中介途径影响抑郁（总中介效应=0.199，95%置信区间=0.145-0.254），占总效应的 53.85%。
局限性
本研究使用的是大学生自我报告的数据，并通过横断面设计进行测量。
结论
生活应激事件可以通过同时增加宿命论和降低核心自我评价（并行中介），或者通过增加宿命论水平来降低核心自我评价（序列中介），直接或间接地影响抑郁。
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