Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2024;15(1):2358685. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2358685. Epub 2024 Jun 5.
Appraisals are central to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, few studies have examined how culture influences the associations between different types of trauma-related appraisals and PTSD symptoms. This study investigated cultural influences on appraisals of control and their associations with PTSD symptoms. European Australian (= 140, age = 35.80, = 12.44; 21 men, 97 women, 20 gender diverse/prefer not to report) and Chinese Australian (= 129, age = 30.16, = 8.93, 21 men, 97 women, 20 gender diverse/prefer not to report) trauma survivors completed measures of appraisals, cultural values, and PTSD symptoms. Findings showed that the Chinese Australian group was associated with greater Chinese cultural beliefs about adversity (i.e. emphasizing the value of adversity and people's ability to overcome adversity) and fewer fatalism appraisals (i.e. appraising one's destiny as externally determined), which in turn were atemporally associated with fewer PTSD symptoms; these atemporal indirect associations were moderated by self-construal and holistic thinking. The Chinese Australian group also reported fewer secondary control appraisals (i.e. attempts to change aspects of the self and accept current circumstances), which were atemporally associated with greater PTSD symptoms. In contrast, the European Australian group was associated with fewer primary control appraisals (i.e. perceived ability to personally change or control a situation), which were atemporally associated with greater PTSD symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of considering the influence of culture on appraisals in PTSD. However, it must be noted that causal relationships cannot be inferred from cross-sectional mediation analyses and thus, future longitudinal research is needed.
评估在创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）中至关重要。然而，很少有研究探讨文化如何影响不同类型的创伤相关评估与 PTSD 症状之间的关系。本研究调查了文化对控制评估的影响及其与 PTSD 症状的关系。欧洲澳大利亚组（= 140，年龄= 35.80，= 12.44；21 名男性，97 名女性，20 名性别多样化/不愿报告）和中国澳大利亚组（= 129，年龄= 30.16，= 8.93，21 名男性，97 名女性，20 名性别多样化/不愿报告）创伤幸存者完成了评估、文化价值观和 PTSD 症状的测量。研究结果表明，中国澳大利亚组与更多的中国文化对逆境的信念（即强调逆境的价值和人们克服逆境的能力）有关，与更少的宿命论评估（即评估一个人的命运是由外部决定的）有关，而这些无时间关联与较少的 PTSD 症状有关；这些无时间间接关联受到自我建构和整体思维的调节。中国澳大利亚组还报告了较少的次级控制评估（即试图改变自我和接受当前环境的尝试），这与更大的 PTSD 症状有关。相比之下，欧洲澳大利亚组与较少的初级控制评估有关（即个人改变或控制情况的感知能力），这与更大的 PTSD 症状有关。这些发现强调了在 PTSD 中考虑文化对评估影响的重要性。然而，必须注意的是，从横断面中介分析中不能推断出因果关系，因此需要进行未来的纵向研究。
