Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Oct;26(30):30755-30771. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06382-6. Epub 2019 Sep 7.
This study systematically reviewed all the cohort studies investigating the relationship between long-term exposure to PM and any health outcome until February 2018. We searched ISI Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed journal research articles published in English. We only extracted the results of the single-pollutant main analysis of each study, excluding the effect modifications and sensitivity analyses. Out of the initial 9523 articles, 203 articles were ultimately included for analysis. Based on the different characteristics of studies such as study design, outcome, exposure assessment method, and statistical model, we calculated the number and relative frequency of analyses with statistically significant and insignificant results. Most of the studies were prospective (84.8%), assessed both genders (66.5%), and focused on a specific age range (86.8%). Most of the articles (78.1%) had used modeling techniques for exposure assessment of cohorts' participants. Among the total of 317 health outcomes, the most investigated outcomes include mortality due to cardiovascular disease (6.19%), all causes (5.48%), lung cancer (4.00%), ischemic heart disease (3.50%), and non-accidental causes (3.50%). The percentage of analyses with statistically significant results were higher among studies that used prospective design, mortality as the outcome, fixed stations as exposure assessment method, hazard ratio as risk measure, and no covariate adjustment. We can somehow conclude that the choice of right characteristics for cohort studies can make a difference in their results.
本研究系统地综述了截至 2018 年 2 月，所有关于长期暴露于 PM 与任何健康结果之间关系的队列研究。我们在 ISI Web of Knowledge、Pubmed 和 Scopus 数据库中检索了以英文发表的同行评审期刊研究文章。我们仅提取了每项研究的单一污染物主要分析结果，不包括效应修饰和敏感性分析。在最初的 9523 篇文章中，最终有 203 篇文章被纳入分析。基于研究设计、结果、暴露评估方法和统计模型等不同特征，我们计算了具有统计学意义和无统计学意义的分析结果的数量和相对频率。大多数研究是前瞻性的（84.8%），评估了两性（66.5%），并关注特定的年龄范围（86.8%）。大多数文章（78.1%）使用建模技术来评估队列参与者的暴露情况。在总共 317 种健康结果中，研究最多的结果包括心血管疾病死亡率（6.19%）、全因死亡率（5.48%）、肺癌死亡率（4.00%）、缺血性心脏病死亡率（3.50%）和非意外死亡率（3.50%）。采用前瞻性设计、死亡率作为结果、固定站作为暴露评估方法、风险比作为风险度量且无协变量调整的研究中，具有统计学意义的分析结果比例更高。我们可以得出这样的结论：选择合适的队列研究特征可以对其结果产生影响。
