CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
Cancer Lett. 2019 Dec 1;466:13-22. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.08.009. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
Molecular medicine requires a more precise treatment directed at molecular aberrations detected in tumors on an individual patient level. Immunotherapies empower the body's own immune system to confront tumor cells; however, their efficacy is often affected by tumor heterogeneity. Numerous noninvasive imaging techniques are available to monitor changes in tumor function reflecting therapeutic response, including immunotherapy, and to realize personalized response evaluation. For immunotherapy, strategies for using noninvasive imaging as a prognostic biomarker to identify patients who could benefit from targeted immunotherapy and predict early responders/nonresponders may ultimately lead to improved clinical management, individualized therapy regimens, and better prediction of patient outcomes. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in noninvasive imaging of immunotherapeutic targets such as immune cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune vaccines, and T-cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor, and review the clinical application of noninvasive imaging in immunotherapy. Finally, we describe the application of multimodal/multispectral imaging and radiomics, which may offer future direction for precision imaging in immunotherapy. With further progress of noninvasive imaging, guiding cancer immunotherapy into the era of precision medicine would be a promising option.
分子医学需要更精确的治疗方法，针对个体患者肿瘤中检测到的分子异常进行靶向治疗。免疫疗法使人体自身的免疫系统能够对抗肿瘤细胞；然而，其疗效常常受到肿瘤异质性的影响。有许多非侵入性成像技术可用于监测反映治疗反应的肿瘤功能变化，包括免疫疗法，并实现个性化的反应评估。对于免疫疗法，使用非侵入性成像作为预后生物标志物的策略，以识别可能从靶向免疫疗法中受益的患者，并预测早期反应者/无反应者，最终可能导致改善临床管理、个体化治疗方案，并更好地预测患者的预后。在此，我们总结了免疫治疗靶点的非侵入性成像的最新进展，如免疫细胞、免疫检查点抑制剂、免疫疫苗和嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞治疗，并回顾了非侵入性成像在免疫治疗中的临床应用。最后，我们描述了多模态/多光谱成像和放射组学的应用，这可能为免疫治疗中的精准成像提供未来的方向。随着非侵入性成像的进一步发展，将癌症免疫治疗带入精准医学时代将是一个很有前途的选择。
