Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Front Horm Res. 2019;53:33-49. doi: 10.1159/000494901. Epub 2019 Sep 9.
Adipose tissue is an important target of androgen action in humans. Androgens exert important effects on adipose tissue biology, including fat mass expansion and distribution, insulin signalling and lipid metabolism. In conditions of female androgen excess such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), androgens exert metabolically deleterious effects on adipose tissue function in a depot-specific manner. Androgen excess in women is metabolically deleterious, and adverse metabolic effects may be mediated by effects on preadipocyte differentiation and adipocyte hypertrophy. Circulating androgen burden correlates with adiposity in women, and drives visceral fat mass accumulation. Adipose tissue is also an important organ of pre-receptor androgen metabolism, and is host to a complex network of androgen activating and inactivating enzymes. Adipose androgen generation is increased in subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue in women with PCOS, and intra-adipose concentrations of potent androgens may exceed those measured in peripheral circulation. Increased expression of the key androgen-activating enzyme aldo-ketoreductase type 1C3 in PCOS SC adipose tissue leads to high concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Enhanced local androgen generation may further contribute to the adverse metabolic profile of women with PCOS by exerting lipotoxic effects on local adipose biology.
脂肪组织是雄激素在人体中作用的重要靶标。雄激素对脂肪组织生物学具有重要影响，包括脂肪量的扩张和分布、胰岛素信号和脂质代谢。在女性雄激素过多的情况下，如多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS），雄激素以特定脂肪库的方式对脂肪组织功能产生代谢有害的影响。女性雄激素过多是代谢有害的，并且不良的代谢效应可能是通过对前脂肪细胞分化和脂肪细胞肥大的影响来介导的。循环雄激素负担与女性肥胖相关，并促进内脏脂肪量的积累。脂肪组织也是预受体雄激素代谢的重要器官，并且是雄激素激活和失活酶的复杂网络的宿主。患有 PCOS 的女性的皮下（SC）脂肪组织中雄激素的生成增加，并且局部脂肪组织中的强效雄激素的浓度可能超过外周循环中测量的浓度。PCOS SC 脂肪组织中关键雄激素激活酶醛酮还原酶 1C3 的表达增加导致睾酮和二氢睾酮浓度升高。增强的局部雄激素生成可能通过对局部脂肪生物学产生脂毒性作用，进一步导致 PCOS 女性的不良代谢特征。
